如何在 Angular 2 中链接 HTTP 调用?

How can I chain HTTP calls in Angular 2?

我是 Angular 2 和 HTTP Observables 的新手。我有一个调用 HTTP 服务的组件和 returns 一个 Observable。然后我订阅了那个 Observable,它工作正常。

现在,我想在那个组件中,在调用第一个 HTTP 服务之后,如果调用成功,调用另一个 HTTP 服务和 return Observable。因此,如果第一次调用不成功,组件 returns 是 Observable,与它相对的是第二次调用的 returns Observable。

链接 HTTP 调用的最佳方法是什么?有没有一种优雅的方式,例如 monads?

您可以使用 mergeMap 运算符执行此操作。

Angular 4.3+(使用 HttpClientModule)和 RxJS 6+

import { mergeMap } from 'rxjs/operators';

this.http.get('./customer.json').pipe(
  mergeMap(customer => this.http.get(customer.contractUrl))
).subscribe(res => this.contract = res);

Angular < 4.3(使用 HttpModule)和 RxJS < 5.5

导入运算符 mapmergeMap,然后您可以按如下方式链接两个调用:

import 'rxjs/add/operator/map'; 
import 'rxjs/add/operator/mergeMap';

this.http.get('./customer.json')
  .map((res: Response) => res.json())
  .mergeMap(customer => this.http.get(customer.contractUrl))
  .map((res: Response) => res.json())
  .subscribe(res => this.contract = res);

这里有更多详细信息:http://www.syntaxsuccess.com/viewarticle/angular-2.0-and-http

可以找到有关 mergeMap 运算符的更多信息here

使用 rxjs 来完成这项工作是一个很好的解决方案。容易阅读吗?我不知道。

另一种更易读(在我看来)的方法是使用 await/async.

示例:

async getContrat(){
    // Get the customer
    const customer = await this.http.get('./customer.json').toPromise();

    // Get the contract from the URL
    const contract = await this.http.get(customer.contractUrl).toPromise();

    return contract; // You can return what you want here
}

然后调用它:)

this.myService.getContrat().then( (contract) => {
  // do what you want
});

或者在异步函数中:

const contract = await this.myService.getContrat();

您也可以使用try/catch来管理错误:

let customer;
try {
  customer = await this.http.get('./customer.json').toPromise();
}catch(err){
   console.log('Something went wrong will trying to get customer');
   throw err; // Propagate the error
   //customer = {};  // It's a possible case
}

您也可以链接 Promise。根据这个例子

<html>
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Chaining Promises</title>
</head>

<body>

  <script>
    const posts = [
      { title: 'I love JavaScript', author: 'Wes Bos', id: 1 },
      { title: 'CSS!', author: 'Chris Coyier', id: 2 },
      { title: 'Dev tools tricks', author: 'Addy Osmani', id: 3 },
    ];

    const authors = [
      { name: 'Wes Bos', twitter: '@wesbos', bio: 'Canadian Developer' },
      { name: 'Chris Coyier', twitter: '@chriscoyier', bio: 'CSS Tricks and Codepen' },
      { name: 'Addy Osmani', twitter: '@addyosmani', bio: 'Googler'},
    ];

    function getPostById(id) {
      // Create a new promise
      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
         // Using a settimeout to mimic a database/HTTP request
         setTimeout(() => {
           // Find the post we want
           const post = posts.find(post => post.id == id);
           if (post) {
              resolve(post) // Send the post back
           } else {
              reject(Error('No Post Was Found!'));
           }
         },200);
      });
    }

    function hydrateAuthor(post) {
       // Create a new promise
       return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
         // Using a settimeout to mimic a database/http request
         setTimeout(() => {
           // Find the author
           const authorDetails = authors.find(person => person.name === post.author);
           if (authorDetails) {
             // "Hydrate" the post object with the author object
             post.author = authorDetails;
             resolve(post);
           }
           else {
              reject(Error('Can not find the author'));
           }
         },200);
       });
    }

    getPostById(4)
      .then(post => {
         return hydrateAuthor(post);
      })
      .then(post => {
         console.log(post);
      })
      .catch(err => {
         console.error(err);
      });
  </script>

</body>
</html>