python如何提取br后面的文字？

Question

我正在使用 2.7.8 并且有点意外 bcz 我收到了所有文本，但没有收到最后一个 <"br"> 之后包含的文本。喜欢我的 html 页面：

<html>
<body>
<div class="entry-content" >
<p>Here is a listing of C interview questions on “Variable Names” along with answers, explanations and/or solutions:
</p>

<p>Which of the following is not a valid C variable name?<br>
a) int number;<br>
b) float rate;<br>
c) int variable_count;<br>
d) int $main;</p>   <!--not getting-->

<p> more </p>

<p>Which of the following is true for variable names in C?<br>
a) They can contain alphanumeric characters as well as special characters<br>
b) It is not an error to declare a variable to be one of the keywords(like goto, static)<br>
c) Variable names cannot start with a digit<br>
d) Variable can be of any length</p> <!--not getting -->!

</div>
</body>
</html>

和我的代码：

url = "http://www.sanfoundry.com/c-programming-questions-answers-variable-names-1/"
#url="http://www.sanfoundry.com/c-programming-questions-answers-variable-names-2/"
req = Request(url)
resp = urllib2.urlopen(req)
htmls = resp.read()
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(htmls)
for br in soup.findAll('br'):
    next = br.nextSibling
    if not (next and isinstance(next,NavigableString)):
        continue
    next2 = next.nextSibling
    if next2 and isinstance(next2,Tag) and next2.name == 'br':
        text = str(next).strip()
        if text:
            print "Found:", next.encode('utf-8')
           # print '...........sfsdsds.............',answ[0].encode('utf-8')   #

输出：

Found: 
a) int number;
Found: 
b) float rate;
Found: 
c) int variable_count;

Found: 
a) They can contain alphanumeric characters as well as special characters
Found: 
b) It is not an error to declare a variable to be one of the keywords(like goto, static)
Found: 
c) Variable names cannot start with a digit

但是我没有得到最后一个 "text" 例如：

 d) int $main
    and 
 d) Variable can be of any length

在 <"br">

之后

以及我试图获得的输出：

Found: 
a) int number;
Found: 
b) float rate;
Found: 
c) int variable_count;
Found:
d) int $main

Found: 
a) They can contain alphanumeric characters as well as special characters
Found: 
b) It is not an error to declare a variable to be one of the keywords(like goto, static)
Found: 
c) Variable names cannot start with a digit
d) Variable can be of any length

Answer 1

这是因为 BeautifulSoup 通过关闭 </p> 之前的 <br> 标签强制使文本有效 xml。美化版说的很清楚：

<p>
 Which of the following is not a valid C variable name?
 <br>
  a) int number;
  <br>
   b) float rate;
   <br>
    c) int variable_count;
    <br>
     d) int $main;
    </br>
   </br>
  </br>
 </br>
</p>

所以文本 d) int $main; 不是最后一个 <br> 标签的同级 ，但是 是文本 这个标签。

代码可以是（此处）：

...
soup = BeautifulSoup(htmls)
for br in soup.findAll('br'):
    if len(br.contents) > 0:  # avoid errors if a tag is correctly closed as <br/>
        print 'Found', br.contents[0]

它给出了预期的结果：

Found 
a) int number;
Found 
b) float rate;
Found 
c) int variable_count;
Found 
d) int $main;
Found 
a) They can contain alphanumeric characters as well as special characters
Found 
b) It is not an error to declare a variable to be one of the keywords(like goto, static)
Found 
c) Variable names cannot start with a digit
Found 
d) Variable can be of any length

Answer 2

您可以使用 Requests instead of urllib2, and extract xml via lxml 的 html 模块。

from lxml import html
import requests

#request page
page=requests.get("http://www.sanfoundry.com/c-programming-questions-answers-variable-names-1/")

#get content in html format
page_content=html.fromstring(page.content)

#recover all text from <p> elements
items=page_content.xpath('//p/text()')

以上代码 returns <a> 元素中包含文档中所有文本的数组。
有了它，您可以简单地索引到数组中以打印您想要的内容。

python如何提取br后面的文字？

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