SPARQL 查询使用 rdf:ID returns 无结果

Question

我有一个 owl 文件，我正在尝试对其进行运行查询，但没有得到任何结果，请有人帮我弄清楚并解释基本查询

public static void main(String[] args) {
      String filename="H:/Samson_study/nodeTest/hRESTS-TC3/ontology/ApothecaryOntology.owl";
      Model model=ModelFactory.createDefaultModel();
      OntModel model1=ModelFactory.createOntologyModel(OntModelSpec.OWL_DL_MEM,model);

      try
      {          File file=new File(filename);
          FileInputStream reader=new FileInputStream(file);
          model.read(reader,null);


          String query1=" PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> PREFIX my: <http://127.0.0.1/ontology/ApothecaryOntology.owl#> SELECT  ?result WHERE { ?result rdf:ID my:HealthInsuranceNumber .}";

          Query query=QueryFactory.create(query1);
          QueryExecution exe=QueryExecutionFactory.create(query, model1);
          ResultSet RES=exe.execSelect();
          ResultSetFormatter.out(System.out, RES, query);
      }catch(Exception e)
      {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }
  }

ontology如下：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF
    xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
    xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
    xmlns="http://127.0.0.1/ontology/ApothecaryOntology.owl#"
    xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
    xml:base="http://127.0.0.1/ontology/ApothecaryOntology.owl">
  <owl:Ontology rdf:about=""/>
  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Costs"/>
  <owl:Class rdf:ID="HealthInsuranceNumber">
    <owl:disjointWith>
      <owl:Class rdf:ID="TelephoneNumber"/>
    </owl:disjointWith>
    <rdfs:subClassOf>
      <owl:Class rdf:ID="Number"/>
    </rdfs:subClassOf>
  </owl:Class>
  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Room">
    <rdfs:subClassOf>
      <owl:Class rdf:ID="Ward"/>
    </rdfs:subClassOf>
  </owl:Class>
  <owl:Class rdf:about="#Ward">
    <rdfs:subClassOf>
      <owl:Class rdf:ID="Hospital"/>
    </rdfs:subClassOf>
  </owl:Class>
  <owl:Class rdf:ID="PhysicianID">
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Number"/>
  </owl:Class>
  <owl:Class rdf:ID="HospitalPhysician">
    <rdfs:subClassOf>
      <owl:Class rdf:ID="Physician"/>
    </rdfs:subClassOf>
  </owl:Class>
  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Name"/>
  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Symptom"/>
  <owl:Class rdf:about="#Hospital">
    <owl:disjointWith>
      <owl:Class rdf:ID="EmergencyStation"/>
    </owl:disjointWith>
    <rdfs:subClassOf>
      <owl:Class rdf:ID="MedicalOrganisation"/>
    </rdfs:subClassOf>
  </owl:Class>
  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Patient">
    <rdfs:subClassOf>
      <owl:Class rdf:ID="Person"/>
    </rdfs:subClassOf>
  </owl:Class>
  <owl:Class rdf:about="#Physician">
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Person"/>
  </owl:Class>
  <owl:Class rdf:ID="EmergencyPhysician">
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Physician"/>
  </owl:Class>
  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Treatment"/>
  <owl:Class rdf:about="#EmergencyStation">
    <rdfs:subClassOf>
      <owl:Class rdf:about="#MedicalOrganisation"/>
    </rdfs:subClassOf>
    <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="#Hospital"/>
  </owl:Class>
  <owl:Class rdf:ID="CostAndHealingPlan"/>
  <owl:Class rdf:ID="OperatingRoom">
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Ward"/>
  </owl:Class>
  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Disease"/>
  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Organisation"/>
  <owl:Class rdf:ID="PersonName">
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Name"/>
  </owl:Class>
  <owl:Class rdf:ID="PublicOrganisation">
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Organisation"/>
  </owl:Class>
  <owl:Class rdf:about="#TelephoneNumber">
    <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="#HealthInsuranceNumber"/>
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Number"/>
  </owl:Class>
  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Drug"/>
  <owl:Class rdf:ID="DateTime"/>
  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Diagnosis"/>
  <owl:Class rdf:about="#MedicalOrganisation">
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#PublicOrganisation"/>
  </owl:Class>
  <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="Drug_treatDisease">
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Disease"/>
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Drug"/>
  </owl:ObjectProperty>
  <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="ListOfHospitals_consistsOf">
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Hospital"/>
  </owl:ObjectProperty>
  <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="Disease_medicatedByTreatment">
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Treatment"/>
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Disease"/>
  </owl:ObjectProperty>
  <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:ID="Drug_hasCosts">
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Costs"/>
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Drug"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/>
  </owl:FunctionalProperty>
  <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:ID="Organisation_isAt">
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Organisation"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/>
  </owl:FunctionalProperty>
  <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:ID="Physician_hasID">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#InverseFunctionalProperty"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/>
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#PhysicianID"/>
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Physician"/>
  </owl:FunctionalProperty>
  <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:ID="Patient_hasDisease">
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Patient"/>
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Disease"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/>
  </owl:FunctionalProperty>
  <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:ID="Organisation_hasTelephoneNumber">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/>
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#TelephoneNumber"/>
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Organisation"/>
  </owl:FunctionalProperty>
  <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:ID="Person_hasName">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/>
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#PersonName"/>
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Person"/>
  </owl:FunctionalProperty>
  <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:ID="Disease_hasSymptom">
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Disease"/>
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Symptom"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/>
  </owl:FunctionalProperty>
</rdf:RDF>

<!-- Created with Protege (with OWL Plugin 3.3.1, Build 430)  http://protege.stanford.edu -->

我没有收到错误消息，但我不知道如何查询 owl 文件，请帮忙

Answer 1

检查 ontology 和查询是否具有完全匹配的 IRI。您正在搜索等于 http://127.0.0.1/ontology/ApothecaryOntology.owl#HealthInsuranceNumber 的 rdf:ID，但您的基础 IRI 中没有 # 字符，并且 rdf:ID 值也没有。这可能意味着文件中的值看起来像 http://127.0.0.1/ontology/ApothecaryOntology.owlHealthInsuranceNumber 而不是您期望的值。

Answer 2

您的查询（为了便于阅读而添加了换行符）是：

PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX my: <http://127.0.0.1/ontology/ApothecaryOntology.owl#>

SELECT  ?result WHERE {
  ?result rdf:ID my:HealthInsuranceNumber .
}

虽然您在 RDF/XML 文件中看到 rdf:ID，但它实际上并不是 RDF 三元组中的属性；相反，它用于指示资源在 RDF 图中的 IRI 是什么。例如，片段：

<owl:Class rdf:ID="Costs"/>

对 RDF 三元组进行编码：

...#Costs rdf:type owl:Class

其中 ... 是您 ontology 的基础 IRI。 RDF/XML 规范的 2.14 Abbreviating URIs: rdf:ID and xml:base 部分对此进行了描述。该规范有点长而且复杂，例如 RDF/XML。不过，RDF/XML 只是 RDF 的一种序列化格式。 RDF 本身非常简单。只要有可能，我建议您不要直接查看 RDF 图的 RDF/XML 序列化。相反，尝试另存为 Turtle。它更易于阅读，您将更好地了解图中的实际三元组。例如，您在 Turtle 中的 ontology 看起来像这样（我没有复制整个内容）：

@prefix :      <http://127.0.0.1/ontology/ApothecaryOntology.owl#> .
@prefix rdf:   <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix owl:   <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdfs:  <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .

:Person  a      owl:Class .

:Patient  a              owl:Class ;
        rdfs:subClassOf  :Person .

:HospitalPhysician  a    owl:Class ;
        rdfs:subClassOf  :Physician .

:TelephoneNumber  a       owl:Class ;
        rdfs:subClassOf   :Number ;
        owl:disjointWith  :HealthInsuranceNumber .

:Physician_hasID  a  owl:FunctionalProperty , owl:InverseFunctionalProperty , owl:ObjectProperty ;
        rdfs:domain  :Physician ;
        rdfs:range   :PhysicianID .

:Disease_hasSymptom  a  owl:FunctionalProperty , owl:ObjectProperty ;
        rdfs:domain  :Disease ;
        rdfs:range   :Symptom .

这与相应的 SPARQL 语法几乎相同。

SPARQL 查询使用 rdf:ID returns 无结果

SPARQL query using rdf:ID returns no results

java

rdf

semantic-web

sparql

jena