如何使用循环从 R 中发送电子邮件

Question

下面的 R 代码向收件人发送电子邮件，收件人的电子邮件地址是从名为 email 的文本文件中读取的。由于 Gmail 不允许一次发送超过 100 封，我想使用一个循环将电子邮件发送到前 100 封，然后是 101-200，然后是 201-300，依此类推。任何人都可以帮我吗？

library(mailR)
sender <- "xyz@gmail.com"
recipients <- scan("email.txt", encoding="UTF-8",character(0))
send.mail(from = sender,
to = recipients,
subject="Subject of the Mail",
body = "Body of the Mail",
smtp = list(host.name = "smtp.gmail.com", port = 465, 
    user.name="convert2latex@gmail.com", passwd="Mypassword", ssl=TRUE),
    authenticate = TRUE, send = TRUE)

Answer 1

这是未经测试，但应该为您提供一个跳板供您自己探索。从概念上讲，这就像一个 for 循环，但是 FUN 应用于 INDEX 中每个因子的 recipients。我正在使用 tapply，它根据 INDEX 削减 recipients（您可以自行计算）。您可以插入 Sys.sleep 以防止 "loop" 发送太快。如果您将 browser() 作为函数的第一行插入（并且运行它），您将被放置在函数内部，您可以进一步探索它在做什么。

tapply(X = recipients, INDEX = as.integer(cumsum(rep(1, 252))/100), FUN = function(x, recipients, sender) {
  send.mail(from = sender,
            to = recipients,
            subject="Subject of the Mail",
            body = "Body of the Mail",
            smtp = list(host.name = "smtp.gmail.com", port = 465, 
                        user.name="convert2latex@gmail.com", passwd="Mypassword", ssl=TRUE),
            authenticate = TRUE, send = TRUE)
}, recipients = recipients, sender = sender)

Answer 2

根据Gmail Sending Limits, you can send to up to 99 addresses with one email. Maybe you want to put those into the BCC field? Here is a test example for Gmail (remember to allow unsecure apps first并指定sender、user.name和passwd：

library(mailR)
sender <- "...@gmail.com" # gmail user
# create 5 test addresses from `sender`
testEmails <- paste(sapply(1:5, function(x) sub("(.*)(@.*)", paste0("\1+test", x, "\2"), sender)), collapse = "\n") 
cat(testEmails) # print the addresses 
recipients <- scan(file = textConnection(testEmails), encoding="UTF-8",character(0))

## Create a list of vectors of emails with the max size adrPerBatch each
getRecipientBatches <- function(emails, adrPerBatch = 98) {
  cuts <- seq(from = 1, to = length(emails), by = adrPerBatch)
  recipientBatches <- lapply(cuts, function(x) c(na.omit(emails[x:(x+adrPerBatch-1)])))
  return(recipientBatches)
}

## send the 3 test batches à 2/1 address(es)
res <- lapply(getRecipientBatches(recipients, adrPerBatch = 2), function(recipients) {
  send.mail(from =  sender,
            to = sender,
            bcc = recipients,
            subject="Subject of the Mail",
            body = "Body of the Mail",
            smtp = list(host.name = "smtp.gmail.com", 
                        port = 465, 
                        user.name = "...", 
                        passwd = "...", 
                        ssl = TRUE),
            authenticate = TRUE, 
            send = TRUE)
})

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