TypeScript 覆盖 ToString()

TypeScript override ToString()

假设我有一个 class Person 看起来像这样:

class Person {
    constructor(
        public firstName: string,
        public lastName: string,
        public age: number
    ) {}
}

我已经重写了 toString 方法,如下所示。

public toString(): string {
    return this.firstName + ' ' + this.lastName;
}

现在我希望能够在运行时执行以下操作:

function alertMessage(message: string) {
    alert(message);
}

alertMessage(new Person('John', 'Smith', 20));

但这仍然给我这个错误:

TS2345: Argument of type 'Person' is not assignable to parameter of type 'string'.

如何将 Person 分配给此 string 参数?

覆盖 toString 的效果与预期的一样:

class Foo {
    private id: number = 23423;
    public toString = () : string => {
        return `Foo (id: ${this.id})`;
    }
}

class Bar extends Foo {
   private name:string = "Some name"; 
   public toString = () : string => {
        return `Bar (${this.name})`;
    }
}

let a: Foo = new Foo();
// Calling log like this will not automatically invoke toString
console.log(a); // outputs: Foo { id: 23423, toString: [Function] }

// To string will be called when concatenating strings
console.log("" + a); // outputs: Foo (id: 23423)
console.log(`${a}`); // outputs: Foo (id: 23423)

// and for overridden toString in subclass..
let b: Bar = new Bar();
console.log(b); // outputs: Bar { id: 23423, toString: [Function], name: 'Some name' }
console.log("" + b); // outputs: Bar (Some name)
console.log(`${b}`); // outputs: Bar (Some name)

// This also works as expected; toString is run on Bar instance. 
let c: Foo = new Bar();
console.log(c); // outputs: Bar { id: 23423, toString: [Function], name: 'Some name' }
console.log("" + c); // outputs: Bar (Some name)
console.log(`${c}`); // outputs: Bar (Some name)

虽然有时可能会出现问题,但无法访问父 class 的 toString

console.log("" + (new Bar() as Foo));

将 运行 toString 放在 Bar 上,而不是放在 Foo 上。

正如@Kruga 所指出的,该示例实际上似乎在运行时有效JavaScript。唯一的问题是 TypeScript shows a type error

TS2345: Argument of type 'Person' is not assignable to parameter of type 'string'.

要解决此消息,您必须:

  • 显式调用 .toString()
  • 或将对象与字符串连接(例如 `${obj}`obj + ''
  • 或使用obj as any(不推荐,因为你会失去类型安全)