如何在我的 Rails 应用程序中设置环境变量？

Question

我正在使用 Rails 4.2.3 并尝试创建只能在我的应用程序中访问的环境变量（而不是将它们存储在 ~/.bashrc 文件或某些 OS-specific解决方案）。所以我用

创建了文件“config/environment_variables.yml”

development:
  GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID: 999995268318-o5ejue1pgtsjoid0f0k8r7lcksfse6hk.apps.googleusercontent.com
  GOOGLE_SECRET: 28bfoTU_RbRKkdxv7_wkNzw5
  FACEBOOK_KEY: 1588888667329742
  FACEBOOK_SECRET: 4444g1faeb11111e5392892d397b79f8e
production:
  GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID: 999995268318-o5ejue1pgtsjoid0f0k8r7lcksfse6hk.apps.googleusercontent.com
  GOOGLE_SECRET: 28bfoTU_RbRKkdxv7_wkNzw5
  FACEBOOK_KEY: 1588888667329742
  FACEBOOK_SECRET: 4444g1faeb11111e5392892d397b79f8e

然后我创建了文件“config/initializers/environment_variables.rb”

module EnvironmentVariablesExample
  class Application < Rails::Application
    config.before_configuration do
      env_file = Rails.root.join("config", 'environment_variables.yml').to_s

      if File.exists?(env_file)
        YAML.load_file(env_file)[Rails.env].each do |key, value|
          ENV[key.to_s] = value
        end # end YAML.load_file
      end # end if File.exists?
    end # end config.before_configuration
  end # end class
end # end module

但是当我在本地计算机上使用“rails s”启动服务器时，出现此错误

Exiting
/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/pushupmoose/config/initializers/environment_variables.rb:8:in `[]=': no implicit conversion of Fixnum into String (TypeError)
    from /Users/davea/Documents/workspace/pushupmoose/config/initializers/environment_variables.rb:8:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Application>'
    from /Users/davea/Documents/workspace/pushupmoose/config/initializers/environment_variables.rb:7:in `each'
    from /Users/davea/Documents/workspace/pushupmoose/config/initializers/environment_variables.rb:7:in `block in <class:Application>'
    from /Users/davea/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:36:in `execute_hook'
    from /Users/davea/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:28:in `block in on_load'
    from /Users/davea/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:27:in `each'
    from /Users/davea/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:27:in `on_load'
    from /Users/davea/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.5/lib/rails/railtie/configuration.rb:53:in `before_configuration'
    from /Users/davea/Documents/workspace/pushupmoose/config/initializers/environment_variables.rb:3:in `<class:Application>'
    from /Users/davea/Documents/workspace/pushupmoose/config/initializers/environment_variables.rb:2:in `<module:EnvironmentVariablesExample>'
    from /Users/davea/Documents/workspace/pushupmoose/config/initializers/environment_variables.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
    from /Users/davea/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `load'
    from /Users/davea/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `block in load'
    from /Users/davea/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:240:in `load_dependency'
    from /Users/davea/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `load'
    from /Users/davea/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.5/lib/rails/engine.rb:652:in `block in load_config_initializer'
    from /Users/davea/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:166:in `instrument'
    from /Users/davea/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.5/lib/rails/engine.rb:651:in `load_config_initializer'
    from /Users/davea/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.5/lib/rails/engine.rb:616:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Engine>'
    from /Users/davea/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.5/lib/rails/engine.rb:615:in `each'
    from /Users/davea/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.5/lib/rails/engine.rb:615:in `block in <class:Engine>'
    from /Users/davea/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.5/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `instance_exec'
    from /Users/davea/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.5/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `run'
    …

我在上面设置的环境中做错了什么？谢谢，-戴夫

Answer 1

我认为错误不是因为您设置值的方式，而是因为您设置的值。

您的 FACEBOOK_KEY 值是 YAML.load_file 会遵守的数值。然后它将尝试将这些数值存储在 ENV 中。但是，ENV 只喜欢字符串值。

2.2.1 :019 > ENV['test'] = 1
TypeError: no implicit conversion of Fixnum into String
from (irb):19:in `[]='
from (irb):19

2.2.1 :020 > ENV['test'] = '1'
=> "1"

因此，如果您将 FACEBOOK_KEY 值用双引号引起来，您应该没问题：

development:
  FACEBOOK_KEY: "1588888667329742"

Answer 2

您可以使用 gem 称为 dotenv-rails。文档在这里： https://github.com/bkeepers/dotenv 只需在 Gemfile 中写入：

gem 'dotenv-rails'

然后运行捆绑安装。之后在名为 '.env.local' 的应用程序主目录中创建一个文件，并在该文件中写入：

export GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID=YOUR_ID

（不带引号的ID）而你想使用的地方只需写：

ENV['GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID']

对于生产，只需创建另一个文件“.env.production”。记得在 gitignore 中调用 '.env*'。

有关开发和生产环境变量的更多信息，请查看此博客 post：https://sulmanbaig.com/blogs/using-environment-variables-in-rails-heroku-capistrano

如何在我的 Rails 应用程序中设置环境变量？

How do I set environment variables in my Rails application?

configuration

ruby-on-rails

environment-variables