如何将 table 的水平值绑定到 oracle 数据库中另一个 table 的垂直值

Question

我有 2 个 table。

以属性开头的列是根据部门更改的。属性的描述在这里

我的要求是获取每个属性的值及其基于部门的主键，如下所示 table。

老实说，我在我的程序中遇到了这个问题。我没有更改 tables 的权限，也没有通用的唯一密钥 column.i 如果有人可以向我提供建议，我将不胜感激。

Answer 1

WITH clause 是 Oracle 9.2 添加的，应该可以解决问题。对于其他属性，只需添加更多子查询，其中过滤器为 att.attribute = 'attribute2' 或 'Attribute3'...

WITH e AS
(SELECT emp.employee_ID, emp.department, emp.attribute1
FROM employee emp),
a AS (SELECT att.attribute_id, att.attribute, att.meaning
FROM attribute_TYPE att
WHERE att.attribute = 'attribute1')a
SELECT e.employeeid, att.attributeid, e.department, a.attribute, 
a.meaning e.attribute1
FROM e  JOIN a ON e.department = a.department

Answer 2

with a as (
    select a.*, row_number() over (partition by department order by attributeID) rn
      from attributes a),
  e as (
    select employeeId, department, attribute1, 1 rn from employees union all
    select employeeId, department, attribute2, 2 rn from employees union all
    select employeeId, department, attribute3, 3 rn from employees
  )
select e.employeeId, a.attributeid, e.department, a.attribute, a.meaning, 
       e.attribute1 as value 
  from e join a on a.department=e.department and a.rn=e.rn 
  order by e.employeeId, a.attributeid

测试数据及输出：

create table employees (employeeID number(3), name varchar2(10), department varchar2(5), age number(3), attribute1 varchar2(10), attribute2 varchar2(10), attribute3 varchar2(10));
insert into employees values (1, 'john', 'IT', 22, 'attr1val1', 'attr2val2',  null);
insert into employees values (2, 'jane', 'HR', 32, 'attr1val3', 'attr2val4',  'attr3val5');
insert into employees values (3, 'joe',  'HR', 23, 'attr1val6', 'attr2val7',  'attr3val8');
insert into employees values (4, 'jack', 'IT', 45, 'attr1val9', 'attr2val10', null);

create table attributes (attributeID number(3), department varchar2(10), attribute varchar2(10), meaning varchar2(10));
insert into attributes values (1, 'IT', 'attribute1', 'laptoptype');
insert into attributes values (2, 'IT', 'attribute2', 'networkloc');
insert into attributes values (3, 'HR', 'attribute1', 'location');
insert into attributes values (4, 'HR', 'attribute2', 'position');
insert into attributes values (5, 'HR', 'attribute3', 'allocation');

EMPLOYEEID ATTRIBUTEID DEPARTMENT ATTRIBUTE  MEANING    VALUE
---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
         1           1 IT         attribute1 laptoptype attr1val1
         1           2 IT         attribute2 networkloc attr2val2
         2           3 HR         attribute1 location   attr1val3
         2           4 HR         attribute2 position   attr2val4
         2           5 HR         attribute3 allocation attr3val5
         3           3 HR         attribute1 location   attr1val6
         3           4 HR         attribute2 position   attr2val7
         3           5 HR         attribute3 allocation attr3val8
         4           1 IT         attribute1 laptoptype attr1val9
         4           2 IT         attribute2 networkloc attr2val10

编辑：解释

在回答中我使用了 with 子句只是将解决方案划分为可读的步骤。如果是，您可以将它们移动到主查询的 from 子句中更舒适 table 给你。无论如何：子查询 a 从 table attributes 读取数据并添加行数，所以对于每个部门，它们总是从 1 开始编号。我为此使用了 row_number()。子查询e联合（全部）需要的属性和数字他们相应地。然后在两个子查询中生成的数字用于主连接：a.department=e.department and a.rn=e.rn.

备选方案 1 - 如果您使用的是 Oracle 11g，则可以使用 unpivot。查看子查询生成的内容，以及如何与 attributes table:

连接

with e as (
    select employeeId, name, department, attribute, value from employees
      unpivot (value for attribute in ("ATTRIBUTE1", "ATTRIBUTE2", "ATTRIBUTE3"))  
  )
select e.employeeId, a.attributeid, e.department, a.attribute, 
       a.meaning, e.value 
  from e join attributes a on a.department=e.department 
                          and lower(a.attribute)=lower(e.attribute)
  order by e.employeeId, a.attributeid;

替代方案 2 - 带有分层子查询生成器（子查询 r），由 connect by 实现，它简单地从 1、2、3 创建数字，它们是接下来加入 employees 和适当的属性作为值附加在 case 子句中。休息方式与原始答案类似。

with a as (
    select a.*, row_number() over (partition by department order by attributeID) rn
      from attributes a),
  r as (select level rn from dual connect by level<=3),
  e as (
    select employeeId, department, rn,
           case when r.rn = 1 then attribute1
                when r.rn = 2 then attribute2
                when r.rn = 3 then attribute3
           end value
      from employees cross join r
  )
select e.employeeId, a.attributeid, e.department, a.attribute,
       a.meaning, e.value
  from e join a on a.department=e.department and a.rn=e.rn
  order by e.employeeId, a.attributeid

所有三个版本都给了我相同的输出。我还在具有 100k 行的类似 table 上测试了第一个选项，并在几秒钟内获得输出（对于 5 个属性）。请测试所有解决方案并尝试理解它们。如果您可以使用 unpivot 版本，我会更喜欢这个。抱歉延迟解释和任何语言错误。

如何将 table 的水平值绑定到 oracle 数据库中另一个 table 的垂直值

How to bind horizontal values of a table to a vertical values of another table in oracle database

oracle

plsql

oracle10g