Valgrind

Question

我有以下代码，基本上我在 C 中实现了我自己的 read-line 函数，用于在内存分配等方面锻炼我。在我提出问题之前，但实际上没有人帮助尝试更正我的代码最终除了建议使用 valgrind 之外。由于我以前从未使用过它，所以我很难理解所有内容。

我的代码如下：

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>

/**
Gets and a variable-size line from the standard input.
*/
char* readline(){

    size_t n = 10;
    char* final = calloc(n, sizeof(char));
    final[0] = '[=11=]';
    char* tmp; // used for allocating memory temporarily

    // constant buffer size used to store the read characters
    // before storing them in the final buffer
    char buf[10]; 

    while(fgets(buf, 10, stdin) != NULL) {

        if(buf[strlen(buf) - 1] == '\n') {

            if(strlen(buf) > 1) {

                if((n - strlen(final)) < (strlen(buf) + 1)) {
                    // -1 because buf contains also \n at the end
                    n = strlen(final) + strlen(buf);
                    tmp = calloc(n, sizeof(char));

                    for(int i=0; i <= strlen(final); ++i)
                        tmp[i] = final[i];

                    free(final);
                } else {
                    tmp = final;
                }

                int i, j;
                for(i = strlen(final), j = 0; j <= (strlen(buf) - 2); ++i, ++j)
                    tmp[i] = buf[j];

                tmp[i] = '[=11=]';

                final = tmp;
                tmp = NULL;
            }

            break;

        } else { // no newline inserted at the end

            if((n - strlen(final)) < (strlen(buf) + 1)) {
                n *= 2;
                tmp = calloc(n, sizeof(char));

                for(int i = 0; i <= strlen(final); ++i)
                    tmp[i] = final[i];

                free(final);

            } else {
                tmp = final;
            }       

            // Starts inserting from the '[=11=]' char
            // Insert also the '[=11=]' at the end
            for(int i = strlen(tmp), j = 0; j <= 9; ++i, ++j)
                tmp[i] = buf[j];

            final = tmp;
            tmp = NULL;
        }
    }

    return final;
}



int main(int argc, char *argv[]){

    if(argc < 2){
        fprintf(stderr, "usage: at least one string as command-line argument.\n");
        exit(1);
    } else {
        char* line = readline();
        printf("line = %s\n", line);
        printf("size = %lu\n", strlen(line));
        free(line);
    }

    return 0;
}

当我使用命令运行 valgrind 时：

valgrind ./findword hello

我得到以下输出

==14084== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==14084== Copyright (C) 2002-2015, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==14084== Using Valgrind-3.12.0.SVN and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==14084== Command: ./findword hello
==14084== 
hello world, how are you?
==14084== Invalid read of size 1
==14084==    at 0x10000A669: strlen (in /usr/local/Cellar/valgrind/HEAD/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-darwin.so)
==14084==    by 0x100000C19: readline (findword.c:46)
==14084==    by 0x100000E6C: main (findword.c:93)
==14084==  Address 0x100a78740 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 20 free'd
==14084==    at 0x10000927F: free (in /usr/local/Cellar/valgrind/HEAD/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-darwin.so)
==14084==    by 0x100000C03: readline (findword.c:40)
==14084==    by 0x100000E6C: main (findword.c:93)
==14084==  Block was alloc'd at
==14084==    at 0x100009541: calloc (in /usr/local/Cellar/valgrind/HEAD/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-darwin.so)
==14084==    by 0x100000D0F: readline (findword.c:61)
==14084==    by 0x100000E6C: main (findword.c:93)
==14084== 
==14084== Invalid read of size 1
==14084==    at 0x10000A672: strlen (in /usr/local/Cellar/valgrind/HEAD/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-darwin.so)
==14084==    by 0x100000C19: readline (findword.c:46)
==14084==    by 0x100000E6C: main (findword.c:93)
==14084==  Address 0x100a78742 is 2 bytes inside a block of size 20 free'd
==14084==    at 0x10000927F: free (in /usr/local/Cellar/valgrind/HEAD/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-darwin.so)
==14084==    by 0x100000C03: readline (findword.c:40)
==14084==    by 0x100000E6C: main (findword.c:93)
==14084==  Block was alloc'd at
==14084==    at 0x100009541: calloc (in /usr/local/Cellar/valgrind/HEAD/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-darwin.so)
==14084==    by 0x100000D0F: readline (findword.c:61)
==14084==    by 0x100000E6C: main (findword.c:93)
==14084== 
line = hello world, how are you?
size = 25
==14084== 
==14084== HEAP SUMMARY:
==14084==     in use at exit: 30,666 bytes in 189 blocks
==14084==   total heap usage: 276 allocs, 87 frees, 36,962 bytes allocated
==14084== 
==14084== LEAK SUMMARY:
==14084==    definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==14084==    indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==14084==      possibly lost: 2,064 bytes in 1 blocks
==14084==    still reachable: 4,096 bytes in 1 blocks
==14084==         suppressed: 24,506 bytes in 187 blocks
==14084== Rerun with --leak-check=full to see details of leaked memory
==14084== 
==14084== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==14084== ERROR SUMMARY: 19 errors from 2 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)

显然，我有很多错误，但我没能找到它们。例如，valgrind 声称 Invalid read of size 1，但我看不到任何地方我在内存中读取错误的位置，这会产生未定义的行为。

编辑

我用

重新编译了我的代码

 gcc -g -o findword findword.c

我已经替换了上面的新 valgrind 输出。

Answer 1

好吧，首先：你调用了一个新的缓冲区：

tmp = calloc(n, sizeof(char));

并复制内容：

for(int i=0; i <= strlen(final); ++i)
   tmp[i] = final[i];

并释放 final:

free(final);

但是您没有分配新指针 final，因此现在 final 指向已释放的内存，但稍后您会在上面 strlen()。

也不要一直调用strlen()，很慢。尤其是在循环条件下。使用 strcpy 或 strncpy 将字符串复制到新数组而不是循环。使用 realloc 来调整内存区域的大小而不是 callocing。 .

Valgrind - 在用 C 实现的 "readline" 函数中读取大小 1 无效

Valgrind - Invalid read of size 1 in a "readline" function implemented in C

c

stdin

memory-leaks