C++ 启动脚本(bash、python ...)并使用 stdin/stdout 进行数据传输 [linux]

C++ start a script ( bash, python ... ) and using stdin/stdout for datatransfare [linux]

我想从我的 C++ 代码调用 python 脚本。 python 脚本如下所示:

    hello.py
    #!/usr/bin/python
    import sys
    print "Hello!"
    Readin = sys.stdin.read()
    print Readin

C++ 代码来自堆栈溢出的另一个问题。它应该如何工作:

当输入 switch (readResult = read(childToPa... 时,程序不会从 fathers 行 return。

我也不知道这个写作部分是否完成了它的工作。这样做是一个有前途的想法,还是有其他可行的方法? 谢谢!

看起来像:

// maybe not all includes are necessary
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/stat.h> // mkdir
#include <stdlib.h>     // system()
#include <unistd.h> // rmdir
#include <cstring> // memset

// wait:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>

using namespace std;

int main() {

  char target[] = "./hello.py";

  enum PIPE_FILE_DESCRIPTERS {
    READ_FD = 0, WRITE_FD = 1
  };

  enum CONSTANTS {
    BUFFER_SIZE = 100
  };

  int parentToChild[2];
  int childToParent[2];
  pid_t pid;
  string dataReadFromChild;
  char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE + 1];
  memset(buffer,0x00,BUFFER_SIZE + 1);
  ssize_t readResult;
  int status;

  int retPipe1 =  pipe(parentToChild);
  int retPipe2 =  pipe(childToParent);

  switch (pid = fork()) {
  case -1:
    printf("Fork failed");
    exit(-1);

  case 0: /* Child will start scripts*/ 
  {
    // Bending stdin/out to the pipes?
    int retdup21 = dup2(parentToChild[READ_FD], STDIN_FILENO);
    int retdup22 = dup2(childToParent[WRITE_FD], STDOUT_FILENO);
    int retdup23 = dup2(childToParent[WRITE_FD], STDERR_FILENO);
    // Close in this Process the other sides of the pipe
    int retclose1 = close(parentToChild[WRITE_FD]);
    int retclose2 = close(childToParent[READ_FD]);

    int retexe = execlp( target ," ");              // warning not enough variable arguments to fit a sentinel [-Wformat=]

    printf("This line should never be reached!!!"); // why? what happens if execlp finishes?
    exit(-1);
    break;  // to make the compiler happy =)
  }
  default: /* Parent */
    cout << "Child " << pid << " process running..." << endl;

    // close the other ends of the pipe from the other process.
    int retdup21 = close(parentToChild[READ_FD]);
    int retdup22 = close(childToParent[WRITE_FD]);

    // readtry
    while (true) {
      switch (readResult = read(childToParent[READ_FD], buffer, 1)) // execution does not return from this function.
      {
      case 0: /* End-of-File, or non-blocking read. */
      {
        cout << "End of file reached..." << endl << "Data received was (" << dataReadFromChild.size() << "):" << endl
            << dataReadFromChild << endl;

        cout << "starting writing" << endl;
        char bufferW[] = "{\"AElement\":\"Something\"}[=15=]";


               int writeResult = write(parentToChild[WRITE_FD],bufferW,sizeof(bufferW));
               int saveerrno = errno;

               if( -1 == writeResult)
               {
                 cout << "errno while writing: " << errno << std::endl;
                 if ( 9 == saveerrno )
                   cout << "Errno Bad File descriptor" << endl;
               }

               cout << "Write Result: " << writeResult << std::endl;

        int retWait = waitpid(pid, &status, 0);

        cout << endl << "Child exit staus is:  " << WEXITSTATUS(status) << endl << endl;

        exit(0);
      }
      case -1:
      {
        if ((errno == EINTR) || (errno == EAGAIN)) {
          errno = 0;
          break;
        } else {
          printf("read() failed");
          exit(-1);
        }
      }
      default:
        dataReadFromChild.append(buffer, readResult);
        printf("%s",buffer);
        memset(buffer,0x00,BUFFER_SIZE + 1);
        break;
      }
    } /* while ( true ) */
  } /* switch ( pid = fork() )*/
}

您的问题是缓冲输出、未关闭的文件描述符以及使用 EOF 表示传输的 部分 结束。前两个问题可以解决,但最后一个问题需要不同的方法。稍后会详细介绍。

一步一步:

Python 使用缓冲 I/O,因此您可能希望通过在第一个打印语句后添加行 sys.stdout.flush() 来强制 Python 刷新输出。现在 "Hello!\n" 是逐个字符读取的。

但是下一个 read 会阻塞,直到新角色到达或管道关闭。 Python 脚本的 STDOUT 仍然打开,C++ 程序正在等待一些东西到达,但 Python 脚本本身也在等待一些输入。经典死锁。

您可以放弃 python 脚本中的最后打印并尝试关闭其 STDOUT。由于 read 阻塞直到引用管道写入端的所有文件描述符都关闭,因此您必须在 flush.

之后添加 os.close(sys.stdout.fileno())os.close(sys.stdout.fileno())

但是仍然有有效的文件描述符引用该管道的写入部分。还记得 C++ 源代码中的 dup2 吗?在这三个 dup2 行之后,还有 parentToChild[READ_FD]childToParent[WRITE_FD] 引用脚本 STDIN 和 STDOUT。所以我们必须关闭它们。在 dup2 之后添加 close(parentToChild[READ_FD]);close(childToParent[WRITE_FD]);。现在 read returns 0 当 Python 脚本关闭 STDOUT 和 STDERR 时。

接下来,parent 发送 "{\"AElement\":\"Something\"}[=28=]" 并到达 waitpid,当 child 退出时 returns。但是 child 仍在从 STDIN 读取。所以你必须在 waitpid.

之前添加 close(parentToChild[WRITE_FD]);

现在是概念部分:您不能read()直到它returns一个0(管道关闭),然后继续从那个关闭的管道读取。您的选择:

  • 读取一次直到管道关闭。不可能有第二条消息。
  • 知道要读多少。提前或通过解释接收到的字节。
  • 监控两个管道,例如使用 poll(2) 并动态决定是否要读取或写入。

顺便说一句:execlp 的参数是 const char *file, const char *arg, ...,其中 arg, ... 是通常的 char *args[],以 arg[0](!) 开头并以 a 结尾空指针。请将该行更改为 int retexe = execlp(target, target, (char*) NULL);


#!/usr/bin/python2.7

import os
import sys

print "Hello!"
sys.stdout.flush()
os.close(sys.stdout.fileno())
os.close(sys.stderr.fileno())

data = sys.stdin.read()
with open("data_received_by_child.txt", "w") as fp:
    print >>fp, data

#include <cerrno>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>

#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    const char *target = "./hello.py";

    enum PIPE_FILE_DESCRIPTERS {
        READ_FD = 0, WRITE_FD = 1
    };

    /* Make pipes */
    int parentToChild[2]; /* Parent to child pipe */
    if (pipe(parentToChild) < 0)
    {
        perror("Can't make pipe");
        exit(1);
    }
    int childToParent[2]; /* Child to parent pipe */
    if (pipe(childToParent) < 0)
    {
        perror("Can't make pipe");
        exit(1);
    }

    /* Create a child to run command. */
    pid_t pid = fork();
    switch (pid)
    {
        case -1:
            perror("Can't fork");
            exit(1);

        case 0: /* Child */
            close(parentToChild[WRITE_FD]);
            close(childToParent[READ_FD]);
            dup2(parentToChild[READ_FD], STDIN_FILENO);
            dup2(childToParent[WRITE_FD], STDOUT_FILENO);
            close(parentToChild[READ_FD]);
            close(childToParent[WRITE_FD]);
            execlp(target, target, (char *) NULL);
            perror("Can't execute target");
            exit(1);

        default: /* Parent */
            close(parentToChild[READ_FD]);
            close(childToParent[WRITE_FD]);
            cout << "Child " << pid << " process running..." << endl;
    }

    /* Read data from child */
    string dataReadFromChild;
    char ch;
    int rc;
    while ((rc = read(childToParent[READ_FD], &ch, 1)) != 0)
    {
        if (rc == -1) {
            if ((errno == EINTR) || (errno == EAGAIN)) {
                continue;
            }
            perror("read() failed");
            exit(-1);
        }
        dataReadFromChild += ch;
    }
    close(childToParent[READ_FD]);
    cout << "End of file reached..." << endl;
    cout << "Data received was (" << dataReadFromChild.size() << "):" << endl;
    cout << dataReadFromChild << endl;

    /* Write data to child */
    cout << "starting writing" << endl;
    const char bufferW[] = "{\"AElement\":\"Something\"}[=11=]";
    while (true) {
        int rc = write(parentToChild[WRITE_FD], bufferW, sizeof(bufferW));
        if (rc == -1) {
            if ((errno == EINTR) || (errno == EAGAIN)) {
                continue;
            }
            perror("write() failed");
            exit(-1);
        }
        break;
    }
    close(parentToChild[WRITE_FD]);

    /* Wait for child to exit */
    int status;
    int retWait = waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
    cout << endl << "Child exit status is:  " << WEXITSTATUS(status) << endl << endl;
}