Android Studio：测试：已使用 java 8 或更高版本编译的库依赖项
Android Studio: Testing: Library dependencies that have been compiled using java 8 or above
请帮忙。我在为 android studio 设置测试时遇到了非常糟糕的时间。
我已经从黄瓜github下载了计算器示例来练习黄瓜代码测试。 https://github.com/cucumber/cucumber-jvm/tree/master/android（其中一些品牌的名字非常奇怪）
我尝试将它与 Android studio 一起使用。该程序 运行 非常完美（耶！）。然而，测试没有。我有一个非常可怕的消息，每次我 运行 它都会困扰我。
*To run dex in process, the Gradle daemon needs a larger heap.
It currently has approximately 910 MB.
For faster builds, increase the maximum heap size for the Gradle daemon to more than 2048 MB.
To do this set org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx2048M in the project gradle.properties.
For more information see https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/build_environment.html
Error:Error converting bytecode to dex:
Cause: Dex cannot parse version 52 byte code.
This is caused by library dependencies that have been compiled using Java 8 or above.
If you are using the 'java' gradle plugin in a library submodule add
targetCompatibility = '1.7'
sourceCompatibility = '1.7'
to that submodule's build.gradle file.
Error:1 error; aborting
:app:transformClassesWithDexForDebugAndroidTest FAILED
Error:Execution failed for task ':app:transformClassesWithDexForDebugAndroidTest'.
> com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException: java.lang.RuntimeException: com.android.ide.common.process.ProcessException: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: com.android.ide.common.process.ProcessException: org.gradle.process.internal.ExecException: Process 'command 'C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_74\bin\java.exe'' finished with non-zero exit value 1*
它的目标兼容性和源兼容性我遇到了麻烦（还没有得到休息）
这是 gradle 版本：如您所见，我已将兼容性更改为 1.7
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion 23
buildToolsVersion "23.0.3"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "boo.thefoodhunt"
minSdkVersion 16
targetSdkVersion 23
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
sourceSets {
debug {
assets.srcDirs = ['src/debug/assets', 'src/androidTest/assets/']
res.srcDirs = ['src/debug/res', 'src/androidTest/assets/features']
}
main { res.srcDirs = ['src/main/res', 'src/androidTest/assets'] }
}
dexOptions {
incremental true
}
compileOptions {
sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
}
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.3.0'
//TESTING
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:testing-support-lib:0.1'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.3.0'
//Espresso
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.5'
//Cucumber
androidTestCompile 'info.cukes:cucumber-android:1.2.4'
androidTestCompile 'info.cukes:cucumber-picocontainer:1.2.4'
}
未通过 运行 的测试：
package boo.thefoodhunt;
import android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2;
import cucumber.api.CucumberOptions;
import cucumber.api.java.en.Given;
import cucumber.api.java.en.Then;
import cucumber.api.java.en.When;
import static android.support.test.espresso.Espresso.onView;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.click;
import static android.support.test.espresso.assertion.ViewAssertions.matches;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withText;
@CucumberOptions(features = "features")
public class CalculatorActivitySteps extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<CalculatorActivity> {
public CalculatorActivitySteps(SomeDependency dependency) {
super(CalculatorActivity.class);
assertNotNull(dependency);
}
@Given("^I have a CalculatorActivity$")
public void I_have_a_CalculatorActivity() {
assertNotNull(getActivity());
}
@When("^I press (\d)$")
public void I_press_d(final int d) {
switch (d) {
case 0:
onView(withId(R.id.btn_d_0)).perform(click());
break;
case 1:
onView(withId(R.id.btn_d_1)).perform(click());
break;
case 2:
onView(withId(R.id.btn_d_2)).perform(click());
break;
case 3:
onView(withId(R.id.btn_d_3)).perform(click());
break;
case 4:
onView(withId(R.id.btn_d_4)).perform(click());
break;
case 5:
onView(withId(R.id.btn_d_5)).perform(click());
break;
case 6:
onView(withId(R.id.btn_d_6)).perform(click());
break;
case 7:
onView(withId(R.id.btn_d_7)).perform(click());
break;
case 8:
onView(withId(R.id.btn_d_8)).perform(click());
break;
case 9:
onView(withId(R.id.btn_d_9)).perform(click());
break;
}
}
@When("^I press ([+–x\/=])$")
public void I_press_op(final char op) {
switch (op) {
case '+':
onView(withId(R.id.btn_op_add)).perform(click());
break;
case '–':
onView(withId(R.id.btn_op_subtract)).perform(click());
break;
case 'x':
onView(withId(R.id.btn_op_multiply)).perform(click());
break;
case '/':
onView(withId(R.id.btn_op_divide)).perform(click());
break;
case '=':
onView(withId(R.id.btn_op_equals)).perform(click());
break;
}
}
@Then("^I should see (\S+) on the display$")
public void I_should_see_s_on_the_display(final String s) {
onView(withId(R.id.txt_calc_display)).check(matches(withText(s)));
}
}
现在我试过了：
Error when using a jar in my project
还有这个：
Is it possible to use Java 8 for Android development?
还有这个：
Gradle sourceCompatibility has no effect to subprojects
在项目 gradle 和应用程序 gradle 中。但我在想，因为它只是通过测试来的……这些无济于事，而且它与依赖关系有关，为此我很困惑。谁能帮忙！提前致谢
您有一个依赖项，不清楚是哪个，它是为 Java 8 编译的，并且您在构建中指定了 Java 7。
错误消息 This is caused by library dependencies that have been compiled using Java 8 or above. 是他们在此处输入的关键字。
我的方法是将 Java 版本更改为 8。如果这样做不起作用，请减少问题。也就是说，从一个没有依赖项和代码的新项目开始，并添加非常小的部分，直到找到导致上述错误的原因。
即应用加尔斯法则：
"A complex system that works is invariably found to have evolved from a simple system that worked. A complex system designed from scratch never works and cannot be patched up to make it work. You have to start over with a working simple system. – John Gall (1975, p.71)"
好的，对于遇到相同问题的任何人。我怀疑它！ （我认为！）它会导致程序出现其他问题，但至少我有测试 运行 并且它与设备通信并在没有 paddy 的情况下阅读测试。然而，测试提出了一个全新的问题（另一个问题，另一天）新问题如果有人感兴趣：
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Action will not be performed because the target view does not match one or more of the following constraints:
at least 90 percent of the view's area is displayed to the user.
我猜这与并非所有不可见的按钮有关（不是我的设计！仅供参考）所以我们明天调整它。
现在开始解决（差不多）
https://github.com/cucumber/cucumber-jvm/issues/893：programmerdave 于 2015 年 11 月 18 日发表的评论有助于 gradle 设置。
这带来了一个全新的错误！
Error:Execution failed for task ':app:transformResourcesWithMergeJavaResForDebug'.
> com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException: com.android.builder.packaging.DuplicateFileException: Duplicate files copied in APK META-INF/maven/com.squareup.okhttp/okhttp/pom.properties
File1: C:\Users\kyleparker\.gradle\caches\modules-2\files-2.1\com.crashlytics.android\crashlytics.1.13\e821eafa1bf489a26bdb71f95078c26785b37a1\crashlytics-1.1.13.jar
File2: C:\Users\kyleparker\.gradle\caches\modules-2\files-2.1\com.squareup.okhttp\okhttp.4.0340c0748190fe897baf7bffbc1b282734294e5\okhttp-2.4.0.jar
但很快就解决了这个问题。感谢这些人
https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=194980
无论如何，显然是两个不同的问题造成了严重破坏（一天半）。
这是计算器演示的 gradle（有问题的 link）- 感觉有点乱，如果有人有更简洁的解决方案，请告诉我
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion 21
buildToolsVersion "21.1.2"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "cucumber.cukeulator"
minSdkVersion 16
targetSdkVersion 21
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
testApplicationId "cucumber.cukeulator.test"
testInstrumentationRunner "cucumber.cukeulator.test.Instrumentation"
}
packagingOptions {
//these are the ones that fixed it for me
exclude 'META-INF/maven/com.google.guava/guava/pom.properties'
exclude 'META-INF/maven/com.google.guava/guava/pom.xml'
//but im not going to remove my first attempt just in case ;)
exclude 'META-INF/DEPENDENCIES'
exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE'
exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE'
exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt'
exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE.txt'
}
sourceSets {
androidTest {
assets.srcDirs = ['src/androidTest/assets']
}
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
}
dependencies {
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.0'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:testing-support-lib:0.1'
androidTestCompile('info.cukes:cucumber-android:1.2.4') {
exclude module: 'cucumber-jvm-deps'
}
androidTestCompile('info.cukes:cucumber-picocontainer:1.2.4') {
exclude module: 'cucumber-jvm-deps'
}
// androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.1.1'
// androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2'
androidTestCompile 'info.cukes:cucumber-jvm-deps:1.0.3'
}
所以总而言之，它似乎是 jvm-deps ......谁知道呢
请帮忙。我在为 android studio 设置测试时遇到了非常糟糕的时间。
我已经从黄瓜github下载了计算器示例来练习黄瓜代码测试。 https://github.com/cucumber/cucumber-jvm/tree/master/android（其中一些品牌的名字非常奇怪）
我尝试将它与 Android studio 一起使用。该程序 运行 非常完美（耶！）。然而，测试没有。我有一个非常可怕的消息，每次我 运行 它都会困扰我。
*To run dex in process, the Gradle daemon needs a larger heap.
It currently has approximately 910 MB.
For faster builds, increase the maximum heap size for the Gradle daemon to more than 2048 MB.
To do this set org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx2048M in the project gradle.properties.
For more information see https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/build_environment.html
Error:Error converting bytecode to dex:
Cause: Dex cannot parse version 52 byte code.
This is caused by library dependencies that have been compiled using Java 8 or above.
If you are using the 'java' gradle plugin in a library submodule add
targetCompatibility = '1.7'
sourceCompatibility = '1.7'
to that submodule's build.gradle file.
Error:1 error; aborting
:app:transformClassesWithDexForDebugAndroidTest FAILED
Error:Execution failed for task ':app:transformClassesWithDexForDebugAndroidTest'.
> com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException: java.lang.RuntimeException: com.android.ide.common.process.ProcessException: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: com.android.ide.common.process.ProcessException: org.gradle.process.internal.ExecException: Process 'command 'C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_74\bin\java.exe'' finished with non-zero exit value 1*
它的目标兼容性和源兼容性我遇到了麻烦（还没有得到休息）
这是 gradle 版本：如您所见，我已将兼容性更改为 1.7
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion 23
buildToolsVersion "23.0.3"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "boo.thefoodhunt"
minSdkVersion 16
targetSdkVersion 23
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
sourceSets {
debug {
assets.srcDirs = ['src/debug/assets', 'src/androidTest/assets/']
res.srcDirs = ['src/debug/res', 'src/androidTest/assets/features']
}
main { res.srcDirs = ['src/main/res', 'src/androidTest/assets'] }
}
dexOptions {
incremental true
}
compileOptions {
sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
}
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.3.0'
//TESTING
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:testing-support-lib:0.1'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.3.0'
//Espresso
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.5'
//Cucumber
androidTestCompile 'info.cukes:cucumber-android:1.2.4'
androidTestCompile 'info.cukes:cucumber-picocontainer:1.2.4'
}
未通过 运行 的测试：
package boo.thefoodhunt;
import android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2;
import cucumber.api.CucumberOptions;
import cucumber.api.java.en.Given;
import cucumber.api.java.en.Then;
import cucumber.api.java.en.When;
import static android.support.test.espresso.Espresso.onView;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.click;
import static android.support.test.espresso.assertion.ViewAssertions.matches;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withText;
@CucumberOptions(features = "features")
public class CalculatorActivitySteps extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<CalculatorActivity> {
public CalculatorActivitySteps(SomeDependency dependency) {
super(CalculatorActivity.class);
assertNotNull(dependency);
}
@Given("^I have a CalculatorActivity$")
public void I_have_a_CalculatorActivity() {
assertNotNull(getActivity());
}
@When("^I press (\d)$")
public void I_press_d(final int d) {
switch (d) {
case 0:
onView(withId(R.id.btn_d_0)).perform(click());
break;
case 1:
onView(withId(R.id.btn_d_1)).perform(click());
break;
case 2:
onView(withId(R.id.btn_d_2)).perform(click());
break;
case 3:
onView(withId(R.id.btn_d_3)).perform(click());
break;
case 4:
onView(withId(R.id.btn_d_4)).perform(click());
break;
case 5:
onView(withId(R.id.btn_d_5)).perform(click());
break;
case 6:
onView(withId(R.id.btn_d_6)).perform(click());
break;
case 7:
onView(withId(R.id.btn_d_7)).perform(click());
break;
case 8:
onView(withId(R.id.btn_d_8)).perform(click());
break;
case 9:
onView(withId(R.id.btn_d_9)).perform(click());
break;
}
}
@When("^I press ([+–x\/=])$")
public void I_press_op(final char op) {
switch (op) {
case '+':
onView(withId(R.id.btn_op_add)).perform(click());
break;
case '–':
onView(withId(R.id.btn_op_subtract)).perform(click());
break;
case 'x':
onView(withId(R.id.btn_op_multiply)).perform(click());
break;
case '/':
onView(withId(R.id.btn_op_divide)).perform(click());
break;
case '=':
onView(withId(R.id.btn_op_equals)).perform(click());
break;
}
}
@Then("^I should see (\S+) on the display$")
public void I_should_see_s_on_the_display(final String s) {
onView(withId(R.id.txt_calc_display)).check(matches(withText(s)));
}
}
现在我试过了：
Error when using a jar in my project
还有这个： Is it possible to use Java 8 for Android development?
还有这个： Gradle sourceCompatibility has no effect to subprojects
在项目 gradle 和应用程序 gradle 中。但我在想，因为它只是通过测试来的……这些无济于事，而且它与依赖关系有关，为此我很困惑。谁能帮忙！提前致谢
您有一个依赖项，不清楚是哪个，它是为 Java 8 编译的，并且您在构建中指定了 Java 7。
错误消息 This is caused by library dependencies that have been compiled using Java 8 or above. 是他们在此处输入的关键字。
我的方法是将 Java 版本更改为 8。如果这样做不起作用，请减少问题。也就是说，从一个没有依赖项和代码的新项目开始，并添加非常小的部分，直到找到导致上述错误的原因。
即应用加尔斯法则：
"A complex system that works is invariably found to have evolved from a simple system that worked. A complex system designed from scratch never works and cannot be patched up to make it work. You have to start over with a working simple system. – John Gall (1975, p.71)"
好的，对于遇到相同问题的任何人。我怀疑它！ （我认为！）它会导致程序出现其他问题，但至少我有测试 运行 并且它与设备通信并在没有 paddy 的情况下阅读测试。然而，测试提出了一个全新的问题（另一个问题，另一天）新问题如果有人感兴趣：
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Action will not be performed because the target view does not match one or more of the following constraints:
at least 90 percent of the view's area is displayed to the user.
我猜这与并非所有不可见的按钮有关（不是我的设计！仅供参考）所以我们明天调整它。
现在开始解决（差不多）
https://github.com/cucumber/cucumber-jvm/issues/893：programmerdave 于 2015 年 11 月 18 日发表的评论有助于 gradle 设置。
这带来了一个全新的错误！
Error:Execution failed for task ':app:transformResourcesWithMergeJavaResForDebug'.
> com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException: com.android.builder.packaging.DuplicateFileException: Duplicate files copied in APK META-INF/maven/com.squareup.okhttp/okhttp/pom.properties
File1: C:\Users\kyleparker\.gradle\caches\modules-2\files-2.1\com.crashlytics.android\crashlytics.1.13\e821eafa1bf489a26bdb71f95078c26785b37a1\crashlytics-1.1.13.jar
File2: C:\Users\kyleparker\.gradle\caches\modules-2\files-2.1\com.squareup.okhttp\okhttp.4.0340c0748190fe897baf7bffbc1b282734294e5\okhttp-2.4.0.jar
但很快就解决了这个问题。感谢这些人 https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=194980
无论如何，显然是两个不同的问题造成了严重破坏（一天半）。
这是计算器演示的 gradle（有问题的 link）- 感觉有点乱，如果有人有更简洁的解决方案，请告诉我
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion 21
buildToolsVersion "21.1.2"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "cucumber.cukeulator"
minSdkVersion 16
targetSdkVersion 21
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
testApplicationId "cucumber.cukeulator.test"
testInstrumentationRunner "cucumber.cukeulator.test.Instrumentation"
}
packagingOptions {
//these are the ones that fixed it for me
exclude 'META-INF/maven/com.google.guava/guava/pom.properties'
exclude 'META-INF/maven/com.google.guava/guava/pom.xml'
//but im not going to remove my first attempt just in case ;)
exclude 'META-INF/DEPENDENCIES'
exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE'
exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE'
exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt'
exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE.txt'
}
sourceSets {
androidTest {
assets.srcDirs = ['src/androidTest/assets']
}
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
}
dependencies {
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.0'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:testing-support-lib:0.1'
androidTestCompile('info.cukes:cucumber-android:1.2.4') {
exclude module: 'cucumber-jvm-deps'
}
androidTestCompile('info.cukes:cucumber-picocontainer:1.2.4') {
exclude module: 'cucumber-jvm-deps'
}
// androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.1.1'
// androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2'
androidTestCompile 'info.cukes:cucumber-jvm-deps:1.0.3'
}
所以总而言之，它似乎是 jvm-deps ......谁知道呢