Espresso 意向测试失败

Question

我正在学习 android 使用浓缩咖啡进行仪器测试。我有一个应用程序，它有一个抽屉菜单，还有一个名为 About 的菜单。我正在测试单击该菜单项和 activity 的内容。

测试函数：

  @Test
public void testNavigationDrawerAboutMenu() {
    onView(withId(R.id.drawer_layout))
            .perform(DrawerActions.open()); //open drawer
    onView(withText("About")).perform(click());
    onView(withId(R.id.aboutsptemail)).check(matches(withText(R.string.screen_about_support_email)));
    onView(withId(R.id.aboutcpright)).check(matches(isDisplayed()));
    onView(withId(R.id.aboutprivacy)).check(matches(isDisplayed()));
    onView(withId(R.id.abouttermsconditions)).check(matches(isDisplayed()));
    onView(withId(R.id.aboutsptemail)).perform(click());
}

现在最后一个文本视图中嵌入了 weblink。因此，当您单击它时，它会在应用程序内的 Web 视图中打开 link(www.support.com)。我想测试这个功能。所以我尝试了这个：

intended(hasComponent(WebViewActivity.class.getName())); //check if webview called on supportEmail link click

但测试失败并显示此错误跟踪：

java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'android.support.test.espresso.intent.OngoingStubbing android.support.test.espresso.intent.Intents.internalIntending(org.hamcrest.Matcher)' on a null object reference
at android.support.test.espresso.intent.Intents.intending(Intents.java:155)
at com.ScanBuy.SmartLabel.NavigationDrawerActivityTests.testNavigationDrawerAboutMenu(NavigationDrawerActivityTests.java:94)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at android.support.test.internal.statement.UiThreadStatement.evaluate(UiThreadStatement.java:55)
at android.support.test.rule.ActivityTestRule$ActivityStatement.evaluate(ActivityTestRule.java:270)
at org.junit.rules.RunRules.evaluate(RunRules.java:20)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access[=12=]0(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:128)
at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:27)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access[=12=]0(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:115)
at android.support.test.internal.runner.TestExecutor.execute(TestExecutor.java:59)
at android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner.onStart(AndroidJUnitRunner.java:262)
at android.app.Instrumentation$InstrumentationThread.run(Instrumentation.java:1879)

我也尝试过在检查意图之前通过闲置资源来解决问题。但是没有用。有人可以帮忙吗？

Answer 1

我遇到了同样的问题，使用 IntentsTestRule 而不是 ActivityTestRule 解决了这个问题。 IntentsTestRule 是 ActivityTestRule 的子类。设置你的 @Rule 来创建 activity 像这样：

@Rule
public IntentsTestRule<MyActivity> mActivity = new IntentsTestRule<MyActivity>(MyActivity.class) {
    @Override
    protected Intent getActivityIntent() {
        ...
    }
};

See the following project for more information: https://github.com/googlesamples/android-testing/tree/master/ui/espresso/IntentsBasicSample

Answer 2

如果您使用的是自定义 ActivityTestRule，您可以添加适当的 Intents.init(), Intents.release() 调用：

@Override
protected void afterActivityLaunched() {
    Intents.init();
    super.afterActivityLaunched();
}

@Override
protected void afterActivityFinished() {
    super.afterActivityFinished();
    Intents.release();
}

Answer 3

我遇到了同样的问题，但是，切换到 IntentsTestRule 也没有用。所以我切换回 ActivityTestRule 并在发送 Intent 的测试之前和之后调用 Intents.init() 并调用 Intents.release()。

有关详细信息，请参阅此 reference。

Answer 4

而不是使用现在 java 中的 IntentsTestRule，您应该像这样使用推荐的 activityScenarioRule：

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
@MediumTest
class YourActivityTest {

    @get:Rule
        val activityScenario = activityScenarioRule<YourActivity>()

    @Before
        fun setUp() {
            launchActivity<YourActivity>()
            Intents.init()
        }
    
        @After
        fun tearDown() {
            Intents.release()
        }

    @Test
        fun should_goBackTo_MainActivity_onBackButton_click() {

            onView(withId(R.id.goBackBtn)).perform(click())
            intended(hasComponent(hasShortClassName(".MainActivity")))
        }
}

不要忘记将此添加到您的 build.gradle 文件中：

android {
defaultConfig {
testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
testOptions {
unitTests {
includeAndroidResources = true
}
}
// testing
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:core:1.3.1-alpha02'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:core-ktx:'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.2'   
//for the activityScenarioRule syntax to work in kotlin,
//We add the ktx version of androidx.test.ext:junit
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit-ktx:1.1.2'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.3.0'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:3.3.0'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-intents:3.3.0'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:runner:1.3.0'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:rules:1.3.0'
}

Espresso 意向测试失败

Espresso intent test failing

android

android-intent

android-testing

android-espresso