Postgres 按列分组，在组内 select 其他列按最大聚合

Question

这可能是一个标准问题，我已经关闭了其他一些 greatest-n-per-group 答案，但到目前为止无法解决我当前的问题。

A              B             C
+----+-------+ +----+------+ +----+------+-------+
| id | start | | id | a_id | | id | b_id | name  |
+----+-------+ +----+------+ +----+------+-------+
|  1 |     1 | |  1 |    1 | |  1 |    1 | aname |
|  2 |     2 | |  2 |    1 | |  2 |    2 | aname |
+----+-------+ |  3 |    2 | |  3 |    3 | aname |
               +----+------+ |  4 |    3 | bname |
                             +----+------+-------+

用英语我想完成的是：

对于每个 c.name，select 其最新条目基于 a.start

我试过的SQL如下：

SELECT a.id, a.start, c.id, c.name 
FROM a
INNER JOIN (
    SELECT id, MAX(start) as start
    FROM a
    GROUP BY id
) a2 ON a.id = a2.id AND a.start = a2.start
JOIN b
ON a.id = b.a_id
JOIN c
on b.id = c.b_id
GROUP BY c.name;

失败并出现如下错误：

ERROR: column "a.id" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function Position: 8

为了有用，我确实需要查询中的 ID，但不能对它们进行分组，因为它们是唯一的。这是我喜欢上面第一个案例的输出示例：

+------+---------+------+--------+
| a.id | a.start | c.id | c.name |
+------+---------+------+--------+
|    2 |       2 |    3 | aname  |
|    2 |       2 |    4 | bname  |
+------+---------+------+--------+

这是一个Sqlfiddle

编辑 - 删除了第二个案例

Answer 1

案例一

select distinct on (c.name)
    a.id, a.start, c.id, c.name
from
    a
    inner join
    b on a.id = b.a_id
    inner join
    c on b.id = c.b_id
order by c.name, a.start desc
;
 id | start | id | name  
----+-------+----+-------
  2 |     2 |  3 | aname
  2 |     2 |  4 | bname

案例二

select distinct on (c.name)
    a.id, a.start, c.id, c.name
from
    a
    inner join
    b on a.id = b.a_id
    inner join
    c on b.id = c.b_id
where
    b.a_id in (
        select a_id
        from b
        group by a_id
        having count(*) > 1
    )
order by c.name, a.start desc
;
 id | start | id | name  
----+-------+----+-------
  1 |     1 |  1 | aname

Postgres 按列分组，在组内 select 其他列按最大聚合

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