C# 中的 Office 应用程序字

Question

我正在尝试从多个 Word 文档创建大量 PDF。不幸的是，我无法 close/clean 起来（垃圾收集）。因此内存消耗很大，最后程序dumps

这是我的代码。我希望你们这些聪明的人可以指导我找到解决方案。

//**************************************************************
// Please notice:
//
// this.Files is an array with filepath and filenames e.g.:
// {"x:\doc\doc1.doc", "x:\doc\doc2.doc",...,"x:\doc\docn.doc"}.
//
// Please notice:
//**************************************************************


public void wordToPDF() {

    string LS_fileName = "";
    string LS_fileExtension = "";
    string LS_PDF = ".pdf";

    try
    {
        foreach (string Filename in this.Files)
        {
            LS_fileName = Path.GetFileName( Filename );
            if (Path.GetExtension( Filename ) == ".doc" || Path.GetExtension( Filename ) == ".docx")
            { 
                // Convert to PDF:
                Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.Application appWord = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.Application();
                wordDocument = appWord.Documents.Open(GlobalVar.TempFiles + LS_fileName);
                LS_fileExtension = Path.GetExtension(Filename);

                LS_fileName = LS_fileName.Replace( LS_fileExtension, LS_PDF );                  int i = 0;
                foreach (string value in this.Files)
                {
                    if (value == Filename)
                    {
                         this.Files[i] = this.Files[i].Replace(LS_fileExtension, LS_PDF);
                         break;
                    }
                    i++;
                }
                wordDocument.ExportAsFixedFormat(GlobalVar.TempFiles + LS_fileName, MSWORD.WdExportFormat.wdExportFormatPDF);
                System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(appWord);
            }
        }
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("getFiles Hello I must be going.");
    }
}
}

//更新#1：

public void wordToPDF() {

    string LS_fileName = "";
    string LS_fileExtension = "";
    string LS_PDF = ".pdf";
    int i = 0;

    MSWORD.Application appWord = new MSWORD.Application();

    try
    {
        foreach (string Filename in this.Files)
            {
                LS_fileName = Path.GetFileName( Filename );
                    if (Path.GetExtension( Filename ) == ".doc" || Path.GetExtension( Filename ) == ".docx")
                    { 
                        // Convert to PDF:
                        wordDocument = appWord.Documents.Open(GlobalVar.TempFiles + LS_fileName);
                        LS_fileExtension = Path.GetExtension(Filename);

                        LS_fileName = LS_fileName.Replace( LS_fileExtension, LS_PDF );
                        i = 0;
                        foreach (string value in this.Files)
                        {
                            if (value == Filename)
                            {
                               this.Files[i] = this.Files[i].Replace(LS_fileExtension, LS_PDF);
                                break;
                            }
                            i++;
                            }
                            wordDocument.ExportAsFixedFormat(GlobalVar.TempFiles + LS_fileName, MSWORD.WdExportFormat.wdExportFormatPDF);
                    }
    }
}
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("getFiles Hello I must be going.");
        System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(appWord);
    wordDocument.Close();
    if (appWord != null)
    {
        appWord.Quit();
        appWord = null;
        GC.Collect();
        GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
        GC.Collect();
        GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
    }
}
    System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(appWord);
wordDocument.Close();
    if (appWord != null)
    {
        appWord.Quit();
        appWord = null;
        GC.Collect();
        GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
        GC.Collect();
        GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
    }
}

//更新#2：

public void wordToPDF() 
{

    string LS_fileName = "";
    string LS_fileExtension = "";
    string LS_PDF = ".pdf";
    object missingType = Type.Missing;
    object SaveChanges = Type.Missing;
    object OriginalFormat = Type.Missing;
    object RouteDocument = Type.Missing;

    MSWORD.Application appWord = new MSWORD.Application();

    try
    {
        foreach (string Filename in this.Files)
            {
                LS_fileName = Path.GetFileName( Filename );
                    if (Path.GetExtension( Filename ) == ".doc" || Path.GetExtension( Filename ) == ".docx")
                    { 
                            // Convert to PDF:
            wordDocument = appWord.Documents.Open(GlobalVar.TempFiles + LS_fileName);
                            LS_fileExtension = Path.GetExtension(Filename);

                            LS_fileName = LS_fileName.Replace( LS_fileExtension, LS_PDF );
                            int i = 0;
                            foreach (string value in this.Files)
                            {
                                if (value == Filename)
                                {
                                    this.Files[i] = this.Files[i].Replace(LS_fileExtension, LS_PDF);
                                    break;
                                }
                                i++;
                            }
                            wordDocument.ExportAsFixedFormat(GlobalVar.TempFiles + LS_fileName, MSWORD.WdExportFormat.wdExportFormatPDF);

                            wordDocument.Close();
                    }
                }
    }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("getFiles Hello I must be going.");
                System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(appWord);

                if (appWord != null)
                {
                    appWord.Quit();
                    appWord = null;
                    GC.Collect();
                    GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
                    GC.Collect();
                    GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
                }
            }
            System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(appWord);

            appWord.Quit(ref object SaveChanges = Type.Missing, ref object OriginalFormat);
            if (appWord != null)
            {
                appWord = null;
                GC.Collect();
                GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
                GC.Collect();
                GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

确保在释放 COM 对象之前关闭文档和应用程序，然后处理并可能强制执行 GC.Collect()。
编辑：如果您多次使用 word，只需启动一次 word 并打开您的文件以导出 pdf，然后一个一个地关闭。最后关闭wordApp。
Edit2：每次启动内部循环时都应将 i 重置为 0

Answer 2

使用"using"子句
将循环内容提取到单独的方法中以简化 GC
只有在别无选择时才应调用 GC 收集

我不明白你为什么要做内部for循环

Answer 3

1)尝试将此行移出循环。 (foreach (string Filename in this.Files))

 Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.Application appWord = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.Application();

2) close all Documents at the end of the loop (foreach (string Filename in this.Files)) that will close all Word windows, or you can save you link for saved文档并关闭它。

编辑：

foreach (string Filename in this.Files)
        {
            LS_fileName = Path.GetFileName( Filename );
                if (Path.GetExtension( Filename ) == ".doc" || Path.GetExtension( Filename ) == ".docx")
                { 
                    // Convert to PDF:
                    wordDocument = appWord.Documents.Open(GlobalVar.TempFiles + LS_fileName);
                    LS_fileExtension = Path.GetExtension(Filename);

                    LS_fileName = LS_fileName.Replace( LS_fileExtension, LS_PDF );
                    i = 0;
                    foreach (string value in this.Files)
                    {
                        if (value == Filename)
                        {
                           this.Files[i] = this.Files[i].Replace(LS_fileExtension, LS_PDF);
                            break;
                        }
                        i++;
                        }
                        wordDocument.ExportAsFixedFormat(GlobalVar.TempFiles + LS_fileName, MSWORD.WdExportFormat.wdExportFormatPDF);
                       wordDocument.Close(missing, missing, missing);
                }
}

描述：由于word模型，word是一个只有一个主体的应用程序Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.Application它包含了运行时打开的所有文档，这些文档看起来像一个独立的应用程序(windows)但是他们不是。

Answer 4

显然退出 winword 应用程序不起作用。 Hense 应用了一个更基本的解决方案：

Process[] processes = Process.GetProcessesByName("winword");
foreach (var process in processes)
{
    try
    {
        process.Kill();
    }
    catch (Exception)
    {
    // handle the exception...                    
    }

}
// That solved the problem.
// Thanks for your help :-).

C# 中的 Office 应用程序字

Office applications word in C#

.net

c#

interop

ms-word