FCM (Firebase Cloud Messaging) 发送到多个设备
FCM (Firebase Cloud Messaging) Send to multiple devices
我执行此代码以使用 FCM 库将通知推送到移动设备
public string PushFCMNotification(string deviceId, string message)
{
string SERVER_API_KEY = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";
var SENDER_ID = "xxxxxxxxx";
var value = message;
WebRequest tRequest;
tRequest = WebRequest.Create("https://fcm.googleapis.com/fcm/send");
tRequest.Method = "post";
tRequest.ContentType = "application/json";
tRequest.Headers.Add(string.Format("Authorization: key={0}", SERVER_API_KEY));
tRequest.Headers.Add(string.Format("Sender: id={0}", SENDER_ID));
var data = new
{
to = deviceId,
notification = new
{
body = "This is the message",
title = "This is the title",
icon = "myicon"
}
};
var serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();
var json = serializer.Serialize(data);
Byte[] byteArray = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(json);
tRequest.ContentLength = byteArray.Length;
Stream dataStream = tRequest.GetRequestStream();
dataStream.Write(byteArray, 0, byteArray.Length);
dataStream.Close();
WebResponse tResponse = tRequest.GetResponse();
dataStream = tResponse.GetResponseStream();
StreamReader tReader = new StreamReader(dataStream);
String sResponseFromServer = tReader.ReadToEnd();
tReader.Close();
dataStream.Close();
tResponse.Close();
return sResponseFromServer;
}
现在，如何向多个设备发送消息，
假设字符串 deviceId 参数替换为 List devicesIDs。
你能帮忙吗
更新：对于v1，似乎不再支持registration_ids。强烈建议改用主题。 v1 仅支持 documentation 中显示的参数。
只需使用 registration_ids parameter instead of to in your payload. Depending also on your use case, you may use either Topic Messaging or Device Group Messaging.
Topic Messaging
Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) topic messaging allows you to send a message to multiple devices that have opted in to a particular topic. Based on the publish/subscribe model, topic messaging supports unlimited subscriptions for each app. You compose topic messages as needed, and Firebase handles message routing and delivering the message reliably to the right devices.
For example, users of a local weather forecasting app could opt in to a "severe weather alerts" topic and receive notifications of storms threatening specified areas. Users of a sports app could subscribe to automatic updates in live game scores for their favorite teams. Developers can choose any topic name that matches the regular expression: "/topics/[a-zA-Z0-9-_.~%]+".
Device Group Messaging
With device group messaging, app servers can send a single message to multiple instances of an app running on devices belonging to a group. Typically, "group" refers a set of different devices that belong to a single user. All devices in a group share a common notification key, which is the token that FCM uses to fan out messages to all devices in the group.
Device group messaging makes it possible for every app instance in a group to reflect the latest messaging state. In addition to sending messages downstream to a notification key, you can enable devices to send upstream messages to a device group. You can use device group messaging with either the XMPP or HTTP connection server. The limit on data payload is 2KB when sending to iOS devices, and 4KB for other platforms.
The maximum number of members allowed for a notification_key is 20.
有关详细信息，您可以查看 Sending to Multiple Devices in FCM 文档。
您应该创建一个主题并让用户订阅该主题。
这样，当您发送 FCM 消息时，每个订阅的用户都会收到它，除非您实际上想要记录他们的 ID 以用于特殊目的。
FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().subscribeToTopic("news");
看到这个link：https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/android/topic-messaging
https://fcm.googleapis.com/fcm/send
Content-Type:application/json
Authorization:key=AIzaSyZ-1u...0GBYzPu7Udno5aA
{
"to": "/topics/news",
"data": {
"message": "This is a Firebase Cloud Messaging Topic Message!",
}
}
请按照以下步骤操作。
public String addNotificationKey(
String senderId, String userEmail, String registrationId, String idToken)
throws IOException, JSONException {
URL url = new URL("https://android.googleapis.com/gcm/googlenotification");
HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
con.setDoOutput(true);
// HTTP request header
con.setRequestProperty("project_id", senderId);
con.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");
con.setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json");
con.setRequestMethod("POST");
con.connect();
// HTTP request
JSONObject data = new JSONObject();
data.put("operation", "add");
data.put("notification_key_name", userEmail);
data.put("registration_ids", new JSONArray(Arrays.asList(registrationId)));
data.put("id_token", idToken);
OutputStream os = con.getOutputStream();
os.write(data.toString().getBytes("UTF-8"));
os.close();
// Read the response into a string
InputStream is = con.getInputStream();
String responseString = new Scanner(is, "UTF-8").useDelimiter("\A").next();
is.close();
// Parse the JSON string and return the notification key
JSONObject response = new JSONObject(responseString);
return response.getString("notification_key");
}
希望以上代码对您在多台设备上发送推送有所帮助。
更多详情请参考这个linkhttps://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/android/device-group
***注意：请务必阅读上面link.creating/removing的about creating/removing组。
FCM 文档中提到的一个警告如下，
Caution: Any apps that use device group messaging must continue to use the legacy API for the management of device groups (creating, updating, etc.). The HTTP v1 can send messages to device groups, but does not support management.
https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/migrate-v1
此外，Admin SDK 使用批处理 HttpPostrequest 来方便消费者，因此如果您想要设备组消息传递，您仍然可以使用新的 V1 FCM API，但使用 FCM Admin SDK。
这是 Admin SDK 中的代码，可以为您完成这项工作。
Class 名称：FirebaseMessagingClientImpl
for (Message message : messages) {
// Using a separate request factory without authorization is faster for large batches.
// A simple performance test showed a 400-500ms speed up for batches of 1000 messages.
HttpRequest request = childRequestFactory.buildPostRequest(
sendUrl,
new JsonHttpContent(jsonFactory, message.wrapForTransport(dryRun)));
request.setParser(jsonParser);
setCommonFcmHeaders(request.getHeaders());
batch.queue(
request, MessagingServiceResponse.class, MessagingServiceErrorResponse.class, callback);
}
我执行此代码以使用 FCM 库将通知推送到移动设备
public string PushFCMNotification(string deviceId, string message)
{
string SERVER_API_KEY = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";
var SENDER_ID = "xxxxxxxxx";
var value = message;
WebRequest tRequest;
tRequest = WebRequest.Create("https://fcm.googleapis.com/fcm/send");
tRequest.Method = "post";
tRequest.ContentType = "application/json";
tRequest.Headers.Add(string.Format("Authorization: key={0}", SERVER_API_KEY));
tRequest.Headers.Add(string.Format("Sender: id={0}", SENDER_ID));
var data = new
{
to = deviceId,
notification = new
{
body = "This is the message",
title = "This is the title",
icon = "myicon"
}
};
var serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();
var json = serializer.Serialize(data);
Byte[] byteArray = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(json);
tRequest.ContentLength = byteArray.Length;
Stream dataStream = tRequest.GetRequestStream();
dataStream.Write(byteArray, 0, byteArray.Length);
dataStream.Close();
WebResponse tResponse = tRequest.GetResponse();
dataStream = tResponse.GetResponseStream();
StreamReader tReader = new StreamReader(dataStream);
String sResponseFromServer = tReader.ReadToEnd();
tReader.Close();
dataStream.Close();
tResponse.Close();
return sResponseFromServer;
}
现在，如何向多个设备发送消息， 假设字符串 deviceId 参数替换为 List devicesIDs。
你能帮忙吗
更新：对于v1，似乎不再支持registration_ids。强烈建议改用主题。 v1 仅支持 documentation 中显示的参数。
只需使用 registration_ids parameter instead of to in your payload. Depending also on your use case, you may use either Topic Messaging or Device Group Messaging.
Topic Messaging
Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) topic messaging allows you to send a message to multiple devices that have opted in to a particular topic. Based on the publish/subscribe model, topic messaging supports unlimited subscriptions for each app. You compose topic messages as needed, and Firebase handles message routing and delivering the message reliably to the right devices.
For example, users of a local weather forecasting app could opt in to a "severe weather alerts" topic and receive notifications of storms threatening specified areas. Users of a sports app could subscribe to automatic updates in live game scores for their favorite teams. Developers can choose any topic name that matches the regular expression:
"/topics/[a-zA-Z0-9-_.~%]+".
Device Group Messaging
With device group messaging, app servers can send a single message to multiple instances of an app running on devices belonging to a group. Typically, "group" refers a set of different devices that belong to a single user. All devices in a group share a common notification key, which is the token that FCM uses to fan out messages to all devices in the group.
Device group messaging makes it possible for every app instance in a group to reflect the latest messaging state. In addition to sending messages downstream to a notification key, you can enable devices to send upstream messages to a device group. You can use device group messaging with either the XMPP or HTTP connection server. The limit on data payload is 2KB when sending to iOS devices, and 4KB for other platforms.
The maximum number of members allowed for a
notification_keyis 20.
有关详细信息，您可以查看 Sending to Multiple Devices in FCM 文档。
您应该创建一个主题并让用户订阅该主题。 这样，当您发送 FCM 消息时，每个订阅的用户都会收到它，除非您实际上想要记录他们的 ID 以用于特殊目的。
FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().subscribeToTopic("news");
看到这个link：https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/android/topic-messaging
https://fcm.googleapis.com/fcm/send
Content-Type:application/json
Authorization:key=AIzaSyZ-1u...0GBYzPu7Udno5aA
{
"to": "/topics/news",
"data": {
"message": "This is a Firebase Cloud Messaging Topic Message!",
}
}
请按照以下步骤操作。
public String addNotificationKey(
String senderId, String userEmail, String registrationId, String idToken)
throws IOException, JSONException {
URL url = new URL("https://android.googleapis.com/gcm/googlenotification");
HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
con.setDoOutput(true);
// HTTP request header
con.setRequestProperty("project_id", senderId);
con.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");
con.setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json");
con.setRequestMethod("POST");
con.connect();
// HTTP request
JSONObject data = new JSONObject();
data.put("operation", "add");
data.put("notification_key_name", userEmail);
data.put("registration_ids", new JSONArray(Arrays.asList(registrationId)));
data.put("id_token", idToken);
OutputStream os = con.getOutputStream();
os.write(data.toString().getBytes("UTF-8"));
os.close();
// Read the response into a string
InputStream is = con.getInputStream();
String responseString = new Scanner(is, "UTF-8").useDelimiter("\A").next();
is.close();
// Parse the JSON string and return the notification key
JSONObject response = new JSONObject(responseString);
return response.getString("notification_key");
}
希望以上代码对您在多台设备上发送推送有所帮助。 更多详情请参考这个linkhttps://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/android/device-group
***注意：请务必阅读上面link.creating/removing的about creating/removing组。
FCM 文档中提到的一个警告如下，
Caution: Any apps that use device group messaging must continue to use the legacy API for the management of device groups (creating, updating, etc.). The HTTP v1 can send messages to device groups, but does not support management.
https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/migrate-v1
此外，Admin SDK 使用批处理 HttpPostrequest 来方便消费者，因此如果您想要设备组消息传递，您仍然可以使用新的 V1 FCM API，但使用 FCM Admin SDK。
这是 Admin SDK 中的代码，可以为您完成这项工作。
Class 名称：FirebaseMessagingClientImpl
for (Message message : messages) {
// Using a separate request factory without authorization is faster for large batches.
// A simple performance test showed a 400-500ms speed up for batches of 1000 messages.
HttpRequest request = childRequestFactory.buildPostRequest(
sendUrl,
new JsonHttpContent(jsonFactory, message.wrapForTransport(dryRun)));
request.setParser(jsonParser);
setCommonFcmHeaders(request.getHeaders());
batch.queue(
request, MessagingServiceResponse.class, MessagingServiceErrorResponse.class, callback);
}