无法获取 UserManager class

Question

我想做的是添加一个新的管理员用户并为其分配管理员角色。所以..我去了Configure方法中的Startup.csclass，写了下面的代码：

var context = app.ApplicationServices.GetService<ApplicationDbContext>();

// Getting required parameters in order to get the user manager
var userStore = new UserStore<ApplicationUser>(context);

// Finally! get the user manager!
var userManager = new UserManager<ApplicationUser>(userStore);

但是，我收到以下错误消息：

Severity Code Description Project File Line Suppression State Error CS7036 There is no argument given that corresponds to the required formal parameter 'optionsAccessor' of UserManager.UserManager(IUserStore, IOptions, IPasswordHasher, IEnumerable>, IEnumerable>, ILookupNormalizer, IdentityErrorDescriber, IServiceProvider, ILogger>)' FinalProject..NETCoreApp,Version=v1.0 C:\Users\Or Natan\Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Projects\FinalProject\src\FinalProject\Startup.cs 101 Active

这个错误让我很难受。显然我需要 userManager 才能创建新用户，但我无法初始化它。

Answer 1

您可以使用dependency injection 获取UserManager 的实例。只需在配置方法中添加一个参数，像这样：

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory, ApplicationDbContext context, UserManager<ApplicationUser> userManager, RoleManager<IdentityRole> roleManager)

然后您可以创建用户和角色。我通常将此代码移动到静态 class...

public static class DbInitializer
{
    public static async Task Initialize(ApplicationDbContext context, UserManager<ApplicationUser> userManager, RoleManager<IdentityRole> roleManager)
    {
        // Ensure that the database exists and all pending migrations are applied.
        context.Database.Migrate();

        // Create roles
        string[] roles = new string[] { "UserManager", "StaffManager" };
        foreach (string role in roles)
        {
            if (!await roleManager.RoleExistsAsync(role))
            {
                await roleManager.CreateAsync(new IdentityRole(role));
            }
        }

        // Create admin user
        if (!context.Users.Any())
        {
            await userManager.CreateAsync(new ApplicationUser() { UserName = "info@example.com", Email = "info@example.com" }, "p@ssw0rd");
        }

        // Ensure admin privileges
        ApplicationUser admin = await userManager.FindByEmailAsync("info@example.com");
        foreach (string role in roles)
        {
            await userManager.AddToRoleAsync(admin, role);
        }
    }
}

...并调用Startup.Configure方法中的方法：

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory, ApplicationDbContext context, UserManager<ApplicationUser> userManager, RoleManager<IdentityRole> roleManager)
{
    // Code omitted for brevity

    // Create seed data
    DbInitializer.Initialize(context, userManager, roleManager).Wait();
}

在 Entity Framework Core database seeding will be added as a feature 的下一个版本中。

Answer 2

正如@JuliusHardt 所说，您可以通过依赖注入获取 UserManager 的实例。对于播种数据库，首先创建这样的扩展方法：

public static class ApplicationDbContextExtensions
{
    public static void EnsureSeedData(this ApplicationDbContext context, UserManager<ApplicationUser> userManager)
    {
        if (!context.Users.Any())
        {
            var result = userManager.CreateAsync(
                new ApplicationUser { UserName = "info@example.com", Email = "info@example.com" },
                "P@ssw0rd").Result;
        }
    }
}

和 Startup class 和 Configure 方法：

if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
    app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
    app.UseDatabaseErrorPage();
    app.UseBrowserLink();
    using (var serviceScope = app.ApplicationServices.GetRequiredService<IServiceScopeFactory>().CreateScope())
    {
        // First apply pendding migrations if exist
        serviceScope.ServiceProvider.GetService<ApplicationDbContext>().Database.Migrate();

        // Then call seeder method
        var userManager = serviceScope.ServiceProvider.GetService<UserManager<ApplicationUser>>();
        serviceScope.ServiceProvider.GetService<ApplicationDbContext>().EnsureSeedData(userManager);
    }
}

无法获取 UserManager class

Cannot get the UserManager class

c#

user-roles

asp.net-core-mvc

asp.net-core