在 expressjs 中创建模型

create models in expressjs

我有一个从外部获取数据的 Express 应用 API

api.com/companies (GET, POST)
api.com/companies/id (GET, PUT)

我想创建一个模型以使代码更易于维护,如您所见,我在这里重复了很多代码。

router.get('/companies', function(req, res, next) {

    http.get({
        host: 'http://api.com',
        path: '/companies'
    }, function(response) {
        var body = '';
        response.on('data', function(d) {
            body += d;
        });
    });

    res.render('companies', {data: body});
});

router.get('/companies/:id', function(req, res, next) {

    http.get({
        host: 'http://api.com',
        path: '/companies/' + req.params.id
    }, function(response) {
        var body = '';
        response.on('data', function(d) {
            body += d;
        });
    });

    res.render('company', {data: body});
});

我该怎么做?

进行重构的一般方法是确定代码中的不同之处,并将其提取为动态部分,然后传递到包含通用代码的函数中。

例如,这里不同的两件事是请求发生的路径

'/companies' vs '/companies/:id'

以及传递给 http.get

的相关路径
'/companies' vs '/companies/' + req.params.id

您可以提取这些并将它们传递给一个函数,该函数将为您分配一个处理程序。

这是一个通用的方法:

// props contains the route and 
// a function that extracts the path from the request
function setupGet(router, props) {
  router.get('/' + props.route, function(req, res, next) {

    http.get({
      host: 'http://api.com',
      path: props.getPath(req)
    }, function(response) {
      var body = '';
      response.on('data', function(d) {
        body += d;
      });
    });

    res.render('company', {
      data: body
    });
  });
}

然后用两个选项调用它:

setupGet(router, { 
  route: 'companies', 
  getPath: function(req) {
    return 'companies';
  }
});

setupGet(router, { 
  route: 'companies/:id', 
  getPath: function(req) {
    return 'companies' + req.params.id;
  }
});

这里的好处是您可以使用路由和路径的任意组合以及使用其他 req 属性来确定路径。

您需要意识到的另一件事是,您的 res.render 调用将在 之前 发生 body += d,因为前者在调用之后同步发生到 http.get,后者异步发生(稍后)。

您可能想将 render 方法放在回调本身中。

// props contains the route and 
// a function that extracts the path from the request
function setupGet(router, props) {
  router.get('/' + props.route, function(req, res, next) {

    http.get({
      host: 'http://api.com',
      path: props.getPath(req)
    }, function(response) {
      var body = '';
      response.on('data', function(d) {
        body += d;

        // probably want to render here
        res.render('company', {
          data: body
        });
      });
    });
  });
}

在这种情况下不需要有多条路线!您可以使用 ? 的可选参数。看看下面的例子:

router.get('/companies/:id?', function(req, res, next) {
    var id = req.params.id;

    http.get({
        host: 'http://api.com',
        path: '/companies/' + id ? id : ""
    }, function(response) {
        var body = '';
        response.on('data', function(d) {
            body += d;
        });
    });

    res.render('companies', {data: body});
});

这里的代码位:

path: '/companies/' + id ? id : ""

正在使用内联 if 语句,所以它的意思是,if id != null, false, or undefined,将 id 添加到 companies/ 字符串和 else什么都不加。

编辑

关于 js classes,你可以这样做:

// Seperate into a different file and export it
class Companies { 
    constructor (id) {
        this.id= id;
        this.body = "";
        // You can add more values for this particular object
        // Or you can dynamically create them without declaring here 
        // e.g company.new_value = "value"
    }

    get (cb) {
        http.get({
            host: 'http://api.com',
            path: '/companies/' + this.id ? this.id : ""
        }, function(response) {
            response.on('data',(d) => {
                this.body += d;
                cb (); // callback
            });
        }); 
    }

    post () {
        // You can add more methods ... E.g  a POST method.
    }
    put (cb) {
        http.put({
            host: 'http://api.com',
            path: '/companies/' + this.id ? this.id : "",
            ... Other object values here ...
        }, function(response) {
            response.on('data',(d) => {
                ... do something here with the response ...
                cb(); //callback 
            });
        }); 
    }
}

您的路由器 class 然后可以像这样使用此 class:

router.get('/companies/:id?', function(req, res, next) {
    var id = req.params.id;
    var company = new Companies(id);
    company.get(() => {
        // We now have the response from our http.get
        // So lets access it now!
        // Or run company.put(function () {...})
        console.log (company.body);
        res.render('companies', {data: company.body});
    });

});

为了简单起见,我在此处添加了回调,但我建议使用 promises: https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/getting-started/primers/promises

首先: http.get 是异步的。经验法则:当您看到回调时,您正在处理一个异步函数。您无法判断,当您使用 res.render 终止请求时,http.get() 及其回调是否会完成。 这意味着 res.render 总是需要在回调中发生。

我在此示例中使用 ES6 语法。

// request (https://github.com/request/request) is a module worthwhile installing. 
const request = require('request');
// Note the ? after id - this is a conditional parameter
router.get('/companies/:id?', (req, res, next) => {

    // Init some variables
    let url = ''; 
    let template = ''

    // Distinguish between the two types of requests we want to handle
    if(req.params.id) {
        url = 'http://api.com/companies/' + req.params.id;
        template = 'company';
     } else {
        url = 'http://api.com/companies';
        template = 'companies';
     }

    request.get(url, (err, response, body) => {

        // Terminate the request and pass the error on
        // it will be handled by express error hander then
        if(err) return next(err);
        // Maybe also check for response.statusCode === 200

        // Finally terminate the request
        res.render(template, {data: body})
    });

});

关于您的 'model' 问题。 我宁愿称它们为 'services',因为模型是一些数据的集合。服务是逻辑的集合。

要创建公司服务模块,请执行以下操作:

// File companyService.js
const request = require('request');

// This is just one of many ways to encapsulate logic in JavaScript (e.g. classes)
// Pass in a config that contains your service base URIs
module.exports = function companyService(config) {
    return {
        getCompanies: (cb) => {
            request.get(config.endpoints.company.many, (err, response, body) => {
                return cb(err, body);
            });
        },
        getCompany: (cb) => {
            request.get(config.endpoints.company.one, (err, response, body) => {
                return cb(err, body);
            });
        },
    }
};


// Use this module like
const config = require('./path/to/config');
const companyService = require('./companyService')(config);

// In a route
companyService.getCompanies((err, body) => {
    if(err) return next(err);

    res.render(/*...*/)
});