为什么 yacc 在退出时有内存泄漏？

Question

当我用 valgrind 执行我的 lex/yacc 程序时，它发现内存泄漏。但我想知道是否有可能删除此内存泄漏。 valgrind 的输出是：

==10006== 
==10006== HEAP SUMMARY:
==10006==     in use at exit: 16,458 bytes in 3 blocks
==10006==   total heap usage: 13 allocs, 10 frees, 16,684 bytes allocated
==10006== 
==10006== 8 bytes in 1 blocks are still reachable in loss record 1 of 3
==10006==    at 0x4C2AB80: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==10006==    by 0x4028FA: yyalloc (lex.yy.c:1852)
==10006==    by 0x402411: yyensure_buffer_stack (lex.yy.c:1552)
==10006==    by 0x400DA9: yylex (lex.yy.c:686)
==10006==    by 0x40312D: yyparse (parser.tab.c:1183)
==10006==    by 0x40462F: parse (Parser.c:10)
==10006==    by 0x4045EB: main (main.c:21)
==10006== 
==10006== 64 bytes in 1 blocks are still reachable in loss record 2 of 3
==10006==    at 0x4C2AB80: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==10006==    by 0x4028FA: yyalloc (lex.yy.c:1852)
==10006==    by 0x401FA5: yy_create_buffer (lex.yy.c:1387)
==10006==    by 0x400DD3: yylex (lex.yy.c:688)
==10006==    by 0x40312D: yyparse (parser.tab.c:1183)
==10006==    by 0x40462F: parse (Parser.c:10)
==10006==    by 0x4045EB: main (main.c:21)
==10006== 
==10006== 16,386 bytes in 1 blocks are still reachable in loss record 3 of 3
==10006==    at 0x4C2AB80: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==10006==    by 0x4028FA: yyalloc (lex.yy.c:1852)
==10006==    by 0x401FDC: yy_create_buffer (lex.yy.c:1396)
==10006==    by 0x400DD3: yylex (lex.yy.c:688)
==10006==    by 0x40312D: yyparse (parser.tab.c:1183)
==10006==    by 0x40462F: parse (Parser.c:10)
==10006==    by 0x4045EB: main (main.c:21)
==10006== 
==10006== LEAK SUMMARY:
==10006==    definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==10006==    indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==10006==      possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==10006==    still reachable: 16,458 bytes in 3 blocks
==10006==         suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==10006== 
==10006== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==10006== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)

还有我的 lex：

Chiffre [0-9]
Lettre [a-zA-Z]
Alphanum ({Chiffre}{Lettre})+

%{

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "parser.tab.h"

%}
%%
-[a-zA-Z]+ {
yylval.
string = strdup(yytext);
    return OPTION;
}

[a-zA-Z0-9_\-./]+ {
    yylval.string = strdup(yytext);
    return WORD;
}
"||" {
return OR;
}
"|" {
return PIPE;
}
"&&" {
return AND;
}
"&" {
    return AMPERSAND;
}
";" {
return SEMICOLON;
}
"2>" {
return
ERR_GREAT;
}

">&" {
return
GREAT_AMP;
}

"2>>" {
return
ERR_GREAT_GREAT;
}
">>&" {
return
GREAT_GREAT_AMP;
}
">>" {
return
GREAT_GREAT;
}

">" {
return
GREAT;
}

"<" {
return
LESS;
}

[ \t]+ {
}

"\n" {
return 0;
}

%%

还有我的 yacc 文件：

%{
#include <stdio.h>
#include "executor/CmdArg.h"
#include "executor/Command.h"
#include "print.h"
int yyerror(const char *msg) {
    return fprintf(stderr, "YACC: %s\n", msg);
}
%}

%union {
    int number;
    char *string;
};
%token<string> WORD
%token<string> OPTION
%destructor {
free($$);
} <string>
%token<void> SEMICOLON
%token OR AND PIPE AMPERSAND GREAT GREAT_GREAT LESS ERR_GREAT ERR_GREAT_GREAT GREAT_AMP GREAT_GREAT_AMP
%error-verbose
%%

pipeline: cmd_args
background SEMICOLON
pipeline{
end_cmd(SEQUENCING_SEQUENCING);
}
|
cmd_args background
PIPE pipeline{
        end_cmd(SEQUENCING_PIPE);
}
|
cmd_args background
OR pipeline{
        end_cmd(SEQUENCING_OR);
}
|
cmd_args background
AND pipeline{
        end_cmd(SEQUENCING_AND);
}
|
cmd_args background{
        end_cmd(SEQUENCING_NOTHING);
}
|;
cmd_args: WORD list_args params io_list{
        printdebug("YACC COMMMAND : %s\n", );
    add_arg();
};

list_args: OPTION list_args{
printdebug ("yacc list arg plusieurs: %s\n", );
add_arg();
}|OPTION{
printdebug ("yacc list arg seul : %s\n", );
add_arg();
}|;

params: WORD params{
printdebug ("yacc param plusieurs : %s\n", );
    add_arg();
}
|WORD {
printdebug ("yacc param seul: %s\n", );
    add_arg();
}|;
background: AMPERSAND{
        set_background();
}
|;

io_list: GREAT WORD{
    set_io(GREAT,);
}|GREAT_GREAT WORD{
    set_io(GREAT_GREAT,);
} LESS WORD{
    set_io(LESS,);
}| ERR_GREAT WORD{
    set_io(ERR_GREAT,);
}| ERR_GREAT_GREAT WORD{
    set_io(ERR_GREAT_GREAT,);
}| GREAT_AMP WORD{
    set_io(GREAT_AMP,);
}| GREAT_GREAT_AMP WORD{
    set_io(GREAT_GREAT_AMP,);
}|;


%%

struct CmdArg *temp;
void set_io(enum yytokentype tokentype, char* file){

}
void set_background() {
    temp->_background = 1;
}
void add_arg(char* s){
    if (!temp)temp = new_cmdArg();
    cmdarg_add_argument(temp,s);
    free(s);
}
void end_cmd(Sequencing seq){
    temp->_seq=seq;
    command_add_cmdArg(temp, seq);
    free_cmdArg(temp);
    temp = NULL;
}

感谢您的帮助。

Answer 1

==10006== LEAK SUMMARY:

==10006== definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks

==10006== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks

==10006== possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks

==10006== still reachable: 16,458 bytes in 3 blocks

==10006== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks

对于大多数程序来说，不释放仍然可用的内存是很正常的。因为在exit处还有指向它的指针，所以不是真的泄漏。

Answer 2

添加到@Oneill 评论中，生成的 lex 代码提供全局函数，您可以声明（使用 extern）和调用来处理这种情况。在您的特定情况下，您正在寻找函数 int yylex_destroy ( void );。当您在代码中调用该函数时，它将清除词法分析器分配的所有剩余内存。

函数列表如下：

int yylex_destroy ( void );
int yyget_debug ( void );
void yyset_debug ( int debug_flag  );
YY_EXTRA_TYPE yyget_extra ( void );
void yyset_extra ( YY_EXTRA_TYPE user_defined  );
FILE *yyget_in ( void );
void yyset_in  ( FILE * _in_str  );
FILE *yyget_out ( void );
void yyset_out  ( FILE * _out_str  );
int yyget_leng ( void );
char *yyget_text ( void );
int yyget_lineno ( void );
void yyset_lineno ( int _line_number  );

为什么 yacc 在退出时有内存泄漏？

Why yacc have memory leak at exit?

c

memory-leaks

yacc

lex

bison