如何从图像中提取所有区域?

How can I extract all regions from an image?

我有一张如下图。图片尺寸固定:640x480.

我想用这样的矩形来绑定所有非零区域:

我需要知道每个矩形的右上角和左下角的点。

想过循环之类的方法。但是所有这些都将花费太长时间 运行。 python 中最有效的方法是什么?

PS: 我是图像处理的初学者。这可能是一个显而易见的问题,我不知道。所以给我一个示例代码会有很大帮助。谢谢

查找图像中的所有子组件称为 connected component analysis. In OpenCV you can do it with findCountour() function of its contour analysis 库。

这是一个示例代码:

import cv2
import numpy as np
from scipy import signal

#=========================================================================
# Locate all components 
#=========================================================================
def locateComponents(img):
    """Extracts all components from an image"""

    out = img.copy()     
    res = cv2.findContours(np.uint8(out.copy()),\
                 cv2.RETR_TREE, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)    
    contours = res[1]

    ret = []
    row, col = out.shape
    minSiz = 8

    for cnt in contours:
        # get bounding box
        y, x, n, m = cv2.boundingRect(cnt)
        # check area 
        if m < minSiz or n < minSiz:
            continue
        #end if       

        ret.append(np.int32([x, x+m, y, y+n]))
        out = cv2.rectangle(out, (y,x), (y+n,x+m), (255,255,255), 2)

    #end for

    return ret, out

# end function

#=========================================================================
# TESTING 
#=========================================================================

img = cv2.imread('input.jpg', 0)

regions, out = locateComponents(img)
cv2.imwrite('output.jpg', out)
print regions

cv2.imshow('Given image', img)
cv2.imshow('Located regions', out)
cv2.waitKey(0)

输出图像: