是否有 std::set(或 std::map)的 STL 比较器和 shared_ptr 键提供基于值的查找? std::owner_less 到底是做什么的?

Is there an STL comparator for std::set (or std::map) with shared_ptr keys that provides value-based lookups? What exactly does std::owner_less do?

我有一个带有 shared_ptr<T> 键的 std::map,我需要它来使用 实际值(类型 T,即*key) 用于查找,而不是共享指针本身的值。

我知道我可以编写自己的自定义比较器(如下所示),但我想知道 STL 是否专门为此目的提供了一个比较器。

为了证明我在说什么,我创建了这个使用 std::set 字符串的简单示例(我也把它放在 on GitHub as a gist):

#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <memory>
#include <iostream>
#include <functional>

template< typename T >
struct shared_ptr_comparator {
  bool operator()(const std::shared_ptr<T> &a, const std::shared_ptr<T> &b) const {
    return std::less<T>()(*a, *b);
  }
};

void ptr_set_with_custom_comparator() {
    std::set< std::shared_ptr<std::string>, shared_ptr_comparator<std::string> > ptr_set;

    ptr_set.insert(std::make_shared<std::string>("world"));
    ptr_set.insert(std::make_shared<std::string>("hello"));
    ptr_set.insert(std::make_shared<std::string>("abc"));

    for(auto const& entry : ptr_set) {
        std::cout << *entry << std::endl;
    }
}

void ptr_set_with_owner_less() {
    std::set< std::shared_ptr<std::string>, std::owner_less<std::shared_ptr<std::string>> > ptr_set;

    ptr_set.insert(std::make_shared<std::string>("world"));
    ptr_set.insert(std::make_shared<std::string>("hello"));
    ptr_set.insert(std::make_shared<std::string>("abc"));

    for(auto const& entry : ptr_set) {
        std::cout << *entry << std::endl;
    }
}

void raw_set() {
    std::set<std::string> raw_set;

    raw_set.insert("world");
    raw_set.insert("hello");
    raw_set.insert("abc");

    for(auto const& entry : raw_set) {
        std::cout << entry << std::endl;
    }
}

int main() {
    std::cout << "A basic set of strings:" << std::endl;
    raw_set();
    std::cout << std::endl;

    std::cout << "A set of shared_ptr<string>s with owner_less as the comparator:" << std::endl;
    ptr_set_with_owner_less();
    std::cout << std::endl;

    std::cout << "A set of shared_ptr<string>s with the comparator shared_ptr_comparator:" << std::endl;
    ptr_set_with_custom_comparator();

    return 0;
}

上面的代码可以符合clang++ -Wall -std=c++11。这是输出:

A basic set of strings:
abc
hello
world

A set of shared_ptr<string>s with owner_less as the comparator:
world
hello
abc

A set of shared_ptr<string>s with the comparator shared_ptr_comparator:
abc
hello
world

此处,迭代和打印内容时的排序顺序 std::set 表示正在比较 _actual 基础值)。上面示例的快速概述:

我有两个问题:

提前感谢您对此问题的任何回答。

Does anything equivalent to shared_ptr_comparator (defined in the program above), exist in the STL? I ask because the comparator I wrote seems like a really common use case, and I would be very surprised if the STL didn't have anything equivalent to it.

我也很惊讶,但是不,STL 没有内置的指针比较器以这种方式工作。然而,有更好的方法来实现它,它允许传递任何指针。

template<typename T, typename comp_t>
bool ptr_compare(T lhs, T rhs, comp_t comp) {
    return comp(*lhs, *rhs);
}

你可以这样称呼它:

ptr_compare(a_ptr, b_ptr, std::less<int>())

如果您想要一个与 STL 容器兼容的版本:

template<typename T>
bool ptr_less(T lhs, T rhs) {
    return std::less<decltype(*lhs)>()(*lhs, *rhs);
}

What exactly does owner_less and owner_before (which it calls) do? Do they simply check for equivalence of the underlying pointers? I'm not sure if I'm using it right.

std::owner_less不是按价值比较,而是按所有者比较,所以与你的问题无关。

std::shared_ptr<T>::owner_beforestd::owner_less 调用以找出顺序。