位屏蔽结果不一致

Question

我想了解位掩码，我对某些结果有疑问。这是一些示例代码。

    FILE * pFile;
    long lSize;
    char * buffer;
    size_t result;

    pFile = fopen ( "testFile.jpg" , "rb" );
    if (pFile==NULL) {fputs ("File error",stderr); exit (1);}

    // obtain file size:
    fseek (pFile , 0 , SEEK_END);
    lSize = ftell (pFile);
    rewind (pFile);

    // allocate memory to contain the whole file:
    buffer = (char*) malloc (sizeof(char)*lSize);
    if (buffer == NULL) {fputs ("Memory error",stderr); exit (2);}

    // copy the file into the buffer:
    result = fread (buffer,1,lSize,pFile);
    if (result != lSize) {fputs ("Reading error",stderr); exit (3);}

    /* the whole file is now loaded in the memory buffer. */

    for (unsigned long long e = 0; e < lSize; e++){
        unsigned short val1 = buffer[e] & 0x3;
        cout << val1 << endl;
        if (1 == val1){

        }
        if (1 == buffer[e] & 0x3){
            //what does buffer[e] & 0x3 equal when I don't set it equal to an unsigned short.
        }
    }

所以如果我输出 val1 的值，我总是得到一个介于 0 和 3 之间的值。但是当我在不为 buffer[e] & 0x3 分配类型的情况下进行比较时，我并不总是得到同样的结果。我尝试输出 buffer[e] & 0x3 以查看它等于什么，但出现错误。所以我的问题是 buffer[e] & 0x3 在第二个 if 语句中使用时的可能值是什么。谢谢。

Answer 1

那是因为 运算符优先级

7   == !=   For relational = and ≠ respectively
8   &   Bitwise AND

所以 == 优先于 &

(1 == buffer[e] & 0x3)

与

不同

(1 == (buffer[e] & 0x3))

但是

((1 == buffer[e]) & 0x3)

（等于 (1 == buffer[e]) 因为用 3 屏蔽 0 或 1 没有效果）

你要的是(1 == (buffer[e] & 0x3))

Answer 2

似乎是运算符优先级的问题： http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/operator_precedence

1 == buffer[e] & 0x3

相当于

(1 == buffer[e]) & 0x3

位屏蔽结果不一致

Bit masking result inconsistency

c++

bit-shift