添加 Owin 后依赖注入中断，没有为此对象定义无参数构造函数

Question

我的项目中存在依赖注入问题，在实施 Owin 之前它运行良好。在我添加 Owin 并启动后 class 问题开始出现。已经有很多关于这个问题的文档。但是我似乎无法使用任何其他关于此事的帖子来解决它。

涉及的服务确实有一个无参数的构造函数，控制器也有一个，服务保持为空。

我正在使用以下软件包：

Unity (v3.5.1404)
Unity.WebApi.5.1 (v5.2.0)
Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Owin (v1.2.2)
Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Owin (v5.2.3)
Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.OwinSelfHost (v5.2.3)
Microsoft.Owin (v3.0.1)
Microsoft.Owin.安全 (v1.0.0)
Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb (v3.0.1)
欧文 (v1.0.0)
Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb (v3.0.1)

每当我浏览到需要依赖注入的控制器时，就会发生以下错误。

 [MissingMethodException: No parameterless constructor defined for this object.]
       System.RuntimeTypeHandle.CreateInstance(RuntimeType type, Boolean publicOnly, Boolean noCheck, Boolean& canBeCached, RuntimeMethodHandleInternal& ctor, Boolean& bNeedSecurityCheck) +0
       System.RuntimeType.CreateInstanceSlow(Boolean publicOnly, Boolean skipCheckThis, Boolean fillCache, StackCrawlMark& stackMark) +119
       System.RuntimeType.CreateInstanceDefaultCtor(Boolean publicOnly, Boolean skipCheckThis, Boolean fillCache, StackCrawlMark& stackMark) +232
       System.Activator.CreateInstance(Type type, Boolean nonPublic) +83
       System.Activator.CreateInstance(Type type) +11
       System.Web.Mvc.DefaultControllerActivator.Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) +55

    [InvalidOperationException: An error occurred when trying to create a controller of type '_Servicebus.Controllers.AuthenticationController'. Make sure that the controller has a parameterless public constructor.]
       System.Web.Mvc.DefaultControllerActivator.Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) +178
       System.Web.Mvc.DefaultControllerFactory.GetControllerInstance(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) +76
       System.Web.Mvc.DefaultControllerFactory.CreateController(RequestContext requestContext, String controllerName) +88
       System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler.ProcessRequestInit(HttpContextBase httpContext, IController& controller, IControllerFactory& factory) +194
       System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler.BeginProcessRequest(HttpContextBase httpContext, AsyncCallback callback, Object state) +50
       System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler.BeginProcessRequest(HttpContext httpContext, AsyncCallback callback, Object state) +48
       System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler.System.Web.IHttpAsyncHandler.BeginProcessRequest(HttpContext context, AsyncCallback cb, Object extraData) +16
       System.Web.CallHandlerExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() +103
       System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously) +155

我认为这与 Global.asax.cs 和 Startup.cs 有关。

Global.asax.cs:

 using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Web;
    using System.Web.Http;
    using System.Web.Mvc;
    using System.Web.Optimization;
    using System.Web.Routing;
    using System.Timers;
    using Microsoft.Practices.Unity;
    using BusinessLayer.HourRegistration.Services;
    using BusinessLayer.HourRegistration.Interfaces;
    using DataAccessLayer.HourRegistration.Repositories;
    using DataAccessLayer.HourRegistration.Entities;
    using System.Data.Entity;
    using System.IO;

    namespace Servicebus
    {
        public class WebApiApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
        {

            Timer timer;
            bool firsttime;
            protected void Application_Start()
            {
                AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
                GlobalConfiguration.Configure(WebApiConfig.Register);
                FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);
                RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
                BundleConfig.RegisterBundles(BundleTable.Bundles);
                /*firsttime = true;
                timer = new Timer();
                timer.Elapsed += new ElapsedEventHandler(timer_Elapsed);
                timer.Interval = 20000;
                timer.AutoReset = false;
                timer.Start();*/
            }

            private ICrmUserFilterRepository uService
            {
                get
                {
                    return GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.DependencyResolver.GetService(typeof(ICrmUserFilterRepository)) as ICrmUserFilterRepository;
                }
            }

            private IHourRegistrationService hService
            {
                get
                {
                    return GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.DependencyResolver.GetService(typeof(IHourRegistrationService)) as IHourRegistrationService;
                }
            }

            private void timer_Elapsed(object sender, ElapsedEventArgs e)
            {
                if (firsttime)
                {
                    firsttime = false;
                    timer.Stop();
                    List<CrmUserFilter> tempList = uService.GetAll().ToList();
                    hService.setFourWeeksOldClosed();
                    CrmFetchXml.getCrmFetchXmlInstance.reload24HoursCache(tempList);
                    timer.Interval = GetTimeUntilNextCacheRefresh(2);
                    timer.Start();
                }
                else {
                    timer.Stop();
                    List<CrmUserFilter> tempList = uService.GetAll().ToList();
                    hService.setFourWeeksOldClosed();
                    CrmFetchXml.getCrmFetchXmlInstance.reload24HoursCache(tempList);
                    timer.Interval = GetTimeUntilNextCacheRefresh(2);
                    timer.Start();
                }
            }

            public static double GetTimeUntilNextCacheRefresh(int hour)
            {
                var currentTime = DateTime.Now;
                var desiredTime = new DateTime(DateTime.Now.Year,
                    DateTime.Now.Month, DateTime.Now.Day, hour, 0, 0);
                var timeDifference = (currentTime - desiredTime);
                var timePeriod = currentTime.Hour >= hour ?
                    (desiredTime.AddDays(1) - currentTime) :
                    -timeDifference;
                return Convert.ToInt32(timePeriod.TotalMilliseconds);
            }
        }
    }

Startup.cs:

  using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity;
using Microsoft.Owin;
using Microsoft.Owin.Security.Cookies;
using Microsoft.Practices.Unity;
using Owin;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Web.Helpers;
using System.Web.Http;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Optimization;
using System.Web.Routing;
using Unity.WebApi;

[assembly: OwinStartup(typeof(Servicebus.App_Start.Startup))]

namespace Servicebus.App_Start
{
    public partial class Startup
    {
        public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
        {
            ConfigureAuth(app);
        }
        public void ConfigureAuth(IAppBuilder app)
        {
            //unity fix
            HttpConfiguration config = new HttpConfiguration();

            UnityContainer container = WebApiConfig.Register(config);

            // ... Configure you web api routes
            config.DependencyResolver = new UnityDependencyResolver(container);

            app.UseWebApi(config);
            //GlobalConfiguration.Configure(config);
            //app.UseWebApi(GlobalConfiguration.DefaultServer);


            // Enable the application to use a cookie to store information for the signed in user
            app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions
            {
                AuthenticationType = DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie,
                LoginPath = new PathString("/Authentication/Login")
            });

            //app.UseExternalSignInCookie(DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ExternalCookie);

            AntiForgeryConfig.UniqueClaimTypeIdentifier = ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier;
        }
    }
}

WebApiConfig.cs:

        using System.Web.Http;
        using Microsoft.Practices.Unity;
        using BusinessLayer.HourRegistration.Interfaces;
        using BusinessLayer.HourRegistration.Services;
        using DataAccessLayer.HourRegistration.Repositories;
        using System.Net.Http.Formatting;
        using System.Data.Entity;
        using Unity.WebApi;
        using System.Web.Mvc;
        using Servicebus.Security;
        using System.Diagnostics;
        using BusinessLayer.MTO.Interfaces;
        using DataAccessLayer.MTO.Repositories.InterfaceRepositories;
        using BusinessLayer.MTO.Services;
        using DataAccessLayer.MTO.Repositories;
        using DataAccessLayer.Common.DatabaseFactory;
        using DataAccessLayer.HourRegistration.UnitOfWork;
        using DataAccessLayer.MTO.UnitOfWork;

        namespace Servicebus
        {
            public static class WebApiConfig
            {
                public static UnityContainer Register(HttpConfiguration config)
                {

                    config.EnableCors();

                    UnityContainer container = new UnityContainer();
container.RegisterType<IAuthenticationService, AuthenticationService>();
                    container.RegisterType<IDatabaseFactory, DatabaseFactory>(new PerResolveLifetimeManager());
                    container.RegisterType<IUnitOfWorkHourregistration, UnitOfWorkHourregistration>();
                    container.RegisterType<ICrmProjectRepository, CrmProjectRepository>();
                    container.RegisterType<ICrmOrderRepository, CrmOrderRepository>();
                    container.RegisterType<IHourRegistrationRepository, HourRegistrationRepository>();
                    container.RegisterType<IOverTimeHoursRepository, OverTimeHoursRepository>();
                    container.RegisterType<IWorkhoursRepository, WorkHoursRepository>();
                    container.RegisterType<IRoleRepository, RoleRepository>();
                    container.RegisterType<IUserRepository, UserRepository>();
                    container.RegisterType<IHourRegistrationService, HourRegistrationService>();
                    container.RegisterType<IRoleProviderService, RoleProviderService>();
                    container.RegisterType<ICrmUserFilterRepository, CrmUserFilterRepository>();

                    //for MTO
                    container.RegisterType<IMTOService, MTOService>();
                    container.RegisterType<IUnitOfWorkMTO, UnitOfWorkMTO>();
                    container.RegisterType<IMtoRepository, MtoRepository>();
                    container.RegisterType<IChapterRepository, ChapterRepository>();
                    container.RegisterType<IQuestionRepository, QuestionRepository>();
                    container.RegisterType<IQuestionKindRepository, QuestionKindRepository>();
                    container.RegisterType<IAnswerRepository, AnswerRepository>();
                    container.RegisterType<IDepartmentRepository, DepartmentRepository>();
                    container.RegisterType<IReportRepository, ReportRepository>();
                    container.RegisterType<IActionPointRepository, ActionPointRepository>();
                    container.RegisterType<IUserMtoRepository, UserMtoRepository>();
                    container.RegisterType<IRoleMtoRepository, RoleMtoRepository>();
                    container.RegisterType<IMtoUserResponseRepository, MtoUserResponseRepository>();

                    config.DependencyResolver = new UnityDependencyResolver(container);
                    config.Formatters.JsonFormatter.MediaTypeMappings.Add(new UriPathExtensionMapping("json", "application/json"));

                    config.Formatters.XmlFormatter.MediaTypeMappings.Add(new UriPathExtensionMapping("xml", "application/xml"));


                    // Web API routes
                    config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes();

                    config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
                        name: "DefaultApi",
                        routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
                        defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
                    );
                    config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
                        name: "Api UriPathExtension",
                        routeTemplate: "api/{controller}.{ext}/{id}",
                        defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
                    );
                    config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
                        name: "MtoApi",
                        routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
                        defaults: new { controller = "mto", id = RouteParameter.Optional }
                        );
                    return container;
                }
            }
        }

涉及的服务确实有一个无参数的构造函数，控制器也有一个，服务保持为空。

随机[未完成]服务：

using BusinessLayer.Authentication.Interfaces;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace BusinessLayer.Authentication.Services
{
    public class AuthenticationService : IAuthenticationService
    {

        public AuthenticationService()
        { }

        public bool CheckRedirects(string applicationName, string jsonString)
        {
            JObject jsonObj = JObject.Parse(jsonString);
            ////Exists? --> Search in JSON.
            foreach (KeyValuePair<string, JToken> sub_obj in (JObject)jsonObj["Redirects"])
            {

            }

            return true;
        }
    }
}

AuthenticationController.cs:

using BusinessLayer.Authentication.Interfaces;
using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity;
using Microsoft.Owin.Security;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Http;
using System.Web.Http.Cors;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace Servicebus.Controllers
{
    [System.Web.Mvc.AllowAnonymous]
    [EnableCors(origins: "*", headers: "*", methods: "*")]
    public class AuthenticationController : Controller
    {

        /// <summary>
        /// Service from the business layer to get the right information
        /// </summary>
        public IAuthenticationService aService;
        /// <summary>
        /// Constructor of the hourregistation controller gets the service from the unity container.
        /// </summary>

        public AuthenticationController(IAuthenticationService aService)
        {
            this.aService = aService;
        }

        public ActionResult Login()
        {
            NameValueCollection queryString = Request.QueryString;
            aService.CheckRedirects(queryString["applicationType"], System.IO.File.ReadAllText(Server.MapPath(Url.Content("~/Content/loginRedirects.json"))));


            String state = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
            String url = this.Url.Action("Callback", "Authentication", null, this.Request.Url.Scheme).ToString();
            return Redirect(removed);
        }

        public ActionResult Callback()
        {
            NameValueCollection queryString = Request.QueryString;
            if (!queryString["code"].Equals(null))
            {
                IdentityStore(queryString["code"], queryString["state"]);
            }

            return null;
        }

        private void IdentityStore(string authToken, string queryString, bool isPersistent = false)
        {
            var claims = new List<Claim>();
            claims.Add(new Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier, authToken));
            claims.Add(new Claim("state", queryString));

            var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(claims, DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie);

            AuthenticationManager.SignIn(new AuthenticationProperties()
            {
                AllowRefresh = true,
                IsPersistent = isPersistent,
                ExpiresUtc = DateTime.UtcNow.AddDays(7)
            }, identity);
        }

        private IAuthenticationManager AuthenticationManager
        {
            get
            {
                return HttpContext.GetOwinContext().Authentication;
            }
        }

        public void IdentitySignout()
        {

            AuthenticationManager.SignOut(DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie, DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ExternalCookie);
        }
    }
}

感谢任何帮助。

此致！

Answer 1

基本上，您需要确保所有依赖项都已在 OWIN 启动程序中注册 class，因为全局不会用于 WebApi 管道。

您也可以为依赖容器使用共享容器，这样您就不会初始化两个单独的实例。

快速修复：

namespace Servicebus.App_Start
{
    public partial class Startup
    {
        public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
        {
            WebApiConfig.Register(new HttpConfiguration());
            ConfigureAuth(app);
        }
    }
}

Unity 附带一个激活器，Provides the bootstrapping for integrating Unity with WebApi when it is hosted in ASP.NET 根据它自己的文档。

这是 nuget：

<package id="Unity.AspNet.WebApi" version="3.5.1405-prerelease" targetFramework="net45" />

我建议你实施那个

重要包裹

<package id="Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb" version="3.0.1" targetFramework="net45" />

你收到了吗？

最后的想法

我总是觉得做一个只有基础设施位的小项目是个好主意 - 看看你能不能建立一个基本的网站运行。如果你能做到这一点，那么你应该能够自己调试问题所在。

如果您无法在您的机器上获得一个简单的网站运行 - 尝试另一台机器 - 如果所有其他方法都失败，那么您有严重的问题。我有很多这类项目，运行所以应该很简单。

Answer 2

事实证明，使用 Unity 时，常规控制器中的依赖注入不起作用。对控制器进行更改已解决问题。

控制器现在看起来像这样：

        using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity;
        using Microsoft.Owin.Security;
        using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
        using System;
        using System.Collections.Generic;
        using System.Collections.Specialized;
        using System.Diagnostics;
        using System.IO;
        using System.Linq;
        using System.Net.Http;
        using System.Security.Claims;
        using System.Threading.Tasks;
        using System.Web;
        using System.Web.Http;
        using System.Web.Http.Cors;
        using System.Web.Mvc;

        namespace Servicebus.Controllers
        {
            [System.Web.Mvc.AllowAnonymous]
            [EnableCors(origins: "*", headers: "*", methods: "*")]
            public class AuthenticationController : Controller
            {

                /// <summary>
                /// Service from the business layer to get the right information
                /// </summary>
                private IAuthenticationService _aService
                {
                    get
                    {
                        return GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.DependencyResolver.GetService(typeof(IAuthenticationService)) as AuthenticationService;
                    }
                }
                /// <summary>
                /// Constructor of the hourregistation controller gets the service from the unity container.
                /// </summary>
                public AuthenticationController()
                {

                }
//other functions
    }
    }

添加 Owin 后依赖注入中断，没有为此对象定义无参数构造函数

Dependency Injection broken after adding Owin, no parameterless constructor defined for this object

c#

asp.net-mvc

unity-container

asp.net-web-api

owin

重要包裹

最后的想法