在 Awk 中使用多个数组而不重复代码

Question

我有工作代码

BEGIN { FS=";"; }   # field separator
{ 
    if (match(, /[0-9]+/)) {           # matching `ID` value
        m=substr(, RSTART, RLENGTH);
        a[m]++;                          # accumulating number of lines for each `ID`
        print > m"_count.txt";    # writing lines pertaining to certain `ID` into respective file
    } 
}
END {
    for(i in a) { 
        print "mv "i"_count.txt "i"_"a[i]".txt"  # renaming files with actual counts
    }
}

现在我需要改变它来做这样的事情。所以我有三个 ID 数组，每个数组表示单独的文件夹来保存结果。

BEGIN { FS=";"; }   # field separator
{
    array1=(125 258 698 874)
    array2=(956 887 4455 22)
    array3=(111 444 558 966 332)
    if ( == ) {varR=} else {varR=}
    if (match(varR, /[0-9]+/)) {           # matching `ID` value
        if ( varR in array1 ) {
            FolderName = "folder1/"
            m1=substr(varR, RSTART, RLENGTH);
            a1[m1]++;                          # accumulating number of lines for each `ID`
            print > (FolderName m1)"_count.txt";    # writing lines pertaining to certain `ID` into respective file
        }
        if ( varR in array2 ) {
            FolderName = "folder2/"
            m2=substr(varR, RSTART, RLENGTH);
            a2[m2]++;                          # accumulating number of lines for each `ID`
            print > (FolderName m2)"_count.txt";    # writing lines pertaining to certain `ID` into respective file
        }
        if ( varR in array3 ) {
            FolderName = "folder3/"
            m3=substr(varR, RSTART, RLENGTH);
            a3[m3]++;                          # accumulating number of lines for each `ID`
            print > (FolderName m3)"_count.txt";    # writing lines pertaining to certain `ID` into respective file
        }
    } 
}
END {
    for(i in a1) { 
        print "mv "i"_count.txt "i"_"a1[i]".txt"  # renaming files with actual counts
    }
    for(i in a2) { 
        print "mv "i"_count.txt "i"_"a2[i]".txt"  # renaming files with actual counts
    }
    for(i in a3) { 
        print "mv "i"_count.txt "i"_"a3[i]".txt"  # renaming files with actual counts
    }
}

因为我需要将匹配的 ID 保存到 txt 文件中并放入所需的文件夹中如果我有 100 个数组怎么办？我需要为每一个复制代码吗？

Answer 1

您是否需要使用不同的数组，或者您可以这样做：

a[1","1] = "abc";
a[1","2] = "xyz";
a[2","2] = "123";
folders[1] = "folder1";
folders[2] = "folder2";
var = "1";
for (f in folders) {
    if (var","f in a) {
        print a[var","f] " >> " folders[f] "/file_" var;
    }
}

Answer 2

使用 GNU Awk 的多维数组支持，这是一个演示您需要的技术的简化解决方案：

$ gawk '
  BEGIN { FS=";" }   # field separator
  {
      # Initialize the sub-arrays of the multi-dimensional array.
      array[1][""]; split("125;258;698;874", aux); for (i in aux) array[1][aux[i]]
      array[2][""]; split("956;887;4455;22", aux); for (i in aux) array[2][aux[i]]
      array[3][""]; split("111;444;558;966;332", aux); for (i in aux) array[3][aux[i]]
      n = length(array) # The count of sub-arrays
      if ( == ) {varR=} else {varR=}
      if (match(varR, /[0-9]+/)) {           # matching `ID` value
        for (i=1;i<=n;++i) {                 # loop over all arrays
          if (varR in array[i]) {            # look for the ID among the array keys
            print "folder" i
            break
          }
        }
      }        
  } 
' <<<'1;1;4455'
folder 2

请参阅我的 this answer，了解此命令中使用的数组初始化和多维数组技术的解释。
请注意，数组初始化将数字存储在数组 array[<n>] 的键中，因为这是使用 [= 查找值所需要的12=].

你试过的:

Awk 没有数组初始化语法； array1=(125 258 698 874) 在您的代码中创建的是 单个字符串 : "125258698874":
- 周围的()在这里没有作用（它们只是为了优先）。
- 在 Awk 中将标记 - 无论是数字还是字符串 - 彼此紧挨着放置执行 字符串连接。
- 也许您误以为 Bash 的数组初始化语法在 Awk 中也有效。
( varR in array1 ) 在 array1 的索引（键）中寻找 varR，但是你的数组初始化了按照 Bash 中的方式工作，您必须改为检查值。

在 Awk 中使用多个数组而不重复代码

Using multiple arrays in Awk without duplication of code

linux

arrays

awk

gawk

multidimensional-array