如何在 django rest_framework 中使用 through table 序列化自递归多对多模型？

Question

我正在使用 django rest 框架开发一个 rest API，我被困在一个序列化程序中，我的想法是使用 through table 序列化一个自递归多对多模型，我的代码是：

model.py:

class Patient(models.Model):
    class Meta:
        db_table = 'patients'

    id = models.UUIDField(primary_key=True, default=uuid.uuid4, editable=False, unique=True)
    id_card = models.CharField(max_length=45)
    dob = models.DateField()
    gender = EnumChoiceField(enum_class=Gender)
    patientscol = models.CharField(max_length=45)
    fk_user = models.ForeignKey(Users, related_name='user_patient', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    relative = models.ManyToManyField("self", through='PatientHasRelative')

class PatientHasRelative(models.Model):
    class Meta:
        db_table = 'patients_has_relatives'

    fk_patient = models.ForeignKey(Patient, related_name='patient_has', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    fk_relative_patient = models.ForeignKey(Patient, related_name='patient_relative', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    relationship = EnumChoiceField(enum_class=Relationship)

我的 serializer.py 是：

class PatientSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Patient
        fields = ('__all__')

    id = serializers.UUIDField(read_only=True)
    id_card = serializers.CharField(required=True, max_length=45)
    dob = serializers.DateField(required=True)
    gender = EnumChoiceField(enum_class=Gender)
    fk_user = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(required=True, queryset=Users.objects.all())
    relative = PatientSerializer(read_only=True, required=True)#problem is here i cant use PatientSerializer here

class PatientHasRelativeSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = PatientHasRelative
        fields = ('__all__')

    fk_patient = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(required=True, queryset=Patient.objects.all())
    fk_relative_patient = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(required=True, queryset=Patient.objects.all())
    relationship = EnumChoiceField(enum_class=Relationship)

一点帮助将不胜感激

Answer 1

要完成此操作，您需要在源字段的源模型中定义 related_name，即添加

class Patient(models.Model):
    relatives = models.ManyToManyField(
        "self", through='PatientHasRelative', related_name='patients')

使用此 related_name 您可以轻松访问序列化程序中关系两侧的 -- add/delete/set relatives/patients 您可以使用中介模型

relative = Patient(**key_value_fields)
patient = Patient(**key_value_field)

PatientHasRelative.objects.create(
 relative=relative, patient=patient, through_defaults=(relationship ='value',))

或者你可以这样做

relative.patients.add(patient, through_defaults=relationship ='value')

或这个

patient.relatives.add(relative, through_defaults=relationship ='value')

检索示例

patient.relatives.all()

如何在 django rest_framework 中使用 through table 序列化自递归多对多模型？

How to serialize a self recursive many-to-many model using a through table in django rest_framework?

django

serialization

django-models

django-serializer

django-rest-framework