Scala 通过参数数量隐式 def 解析

Scala implicit def resolution by number of parameters

我有两个添加 apply 方法的隐式转换。

implicit def f1(foo: Foo) = new {
  def apply(x: Int) = ???
}

implicit def f2(foo: Foo) = new {
  def apply(x: Int, y: Int) = ???
}

但我不能使用它们,因为编译器抱怨隐式转换不明确

foo(1) // compile error

明明应该用哪一个,为什么会报错?

您应该将两个 apply() 都包含在一个隐式中:

implicit def f1(foo: Foo) = new {
  def apply(x: Int) = ???
  def apply(x: Int, y: Int) = ???
}

来自http://docs.scala-lang.org/tutorials/tour/implicit-conversions

An implicit conversion from type S to type T is defined by an implicit value which has function type S => T, or by an implicit method convertible to a value of that type.

所以,你应该有 一个 隐式方法将 Foo 转换为函数。

在您的示例中它是如何工作的:

  1. 编译器发现 foo(1) 调用。
  2. 替换为foo.apply(1)
  3. 发现 class Foo 没有方法 apply 并尝试使用此方法找到到 class 的隐式转换。
  4. 它找到了两个转换,f1f2,并放弃了它。

如果问题出在 Predef 中存在的隐含问题,您应该禁用 Predef 导入,如下所述:Override Predef's implicit conversions

例如,让我们尝试为 String 创建新的 apply 函数。

scala> implicit def stringToFunction(s: String) = new {
     |   def apply(x1: Int) = ???
     | }
stringToFunction: (s: String)AnyRef{def apply(x1: Int): Nothing}

scala> "123"(15)
<console>:13: error: type mismatch;
 found   : String("123")
 required: ?{def apply: ?}
Note that implicit conversions are not applicable because they are ambiguous:
 both method augmentString in object Predef of type (x: String)scala.collection.immutable.StringOps
 and method stringToFunction of type (s: String)AnyRef{def apply(x1: Int): Nothing}
 are possible conversion functions from String("123") to ?{def apply: ?}
       "123"(15)
       ^
<console>:13: error: String("123") does not take parameters
       "123"(15)
            ^

所以,我们应该禁用 augmentStringPredef 导入:

scala> import Predef.{augmentString => _, _}
import Predef.{augmentString=>_, _}

scala> "123"(15)
<console>:14: error: type mismatch;
 found   : String("123")
 required: ?{def apply: ?}
Note that implicit conversions are not applicable because they are ambiguous:
 both method wrapString in class LowPriorityImplicits of type (s: String)scala.collection.immutable.WrappedString
 and method stringToFunction of type (s: String)AnyRef{def apply(x1: Int): Nothing}
 are possible conversion functions from String("123") to ?{def apply: ?}
       "123"(15)
       ^
<console>:14: error: String("123") does not take parameters
       "123"(15)
            ^

让我们也禁用 wrapString,这将最终实现我们想要做的事情:

scala> import Predef.{augmentString => _, wrapString => _, _}
import Predef.{augmentString=>_, wrapString=>_, _}

scala> "123"(15)
scala.NotImplementedError: an implementation is missing
  at scala.Predef$.$qmark$qmark$qmark(Predef.scala:284)
  at $anon.apply(<console>:12)
  at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
  at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
  at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
  ... 31 elided

您可以对来自 class Foo 的隐式转换执行相同的操作,因为编译器会抱怨转换不明确。