mysql 在两个表中引用相同的外键列导致错误 150

Question

我浏览了很多帖子，但还没有找到解决我问题的方法。我怀疑错误源于我试图使用单个列在两个不同的 table 中引用相同的主键列。具体来说，出价 table 具有外键 simulation_id，该外键也存在于出价方和 item_round_status table 中。出价 table 引用了这两个 table 的外键，但我只想在 table 中使用一个 simulation_id 列。这是错误 150 问题的根源吗？

-- -----------------------------------------------------
-- Table `kffg_simulations`.`item_round_status`
-- -----------------------------------------------------
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `kffg_simulations`.`item_round_status` (
  `simulation_id` INT NOT NULL ,
  `round` INT NOT NULL ,
  `clock_item_id` INT NOT NULL ,
  `posted_price` BIGINT NOT NULL ,
  `clock_price` BIGINT NOT NULL ,
  PRIMARY KEY (`simulation_id`, `round`, `clock_item_id`)  ,
  INDEX `fk_item_round_status_clock_item1_idx` (`clock_item_id` ASC)  ,
  INDEX `fk_item_round_status_simulation1_idx` (`simulation_id` ASC)  ,
  CONSTRAINT `fk_item_round_status_clock_item1`
    FOREIGN KEY (`clock_item_id`)
    REFERENCES `kffg_simulations`.`clock_item` (`id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION,
  CONSTRAINT `fk_item_round_status_simulation1`
    FOREIGN KEY (`simulation_id`)
    REFERENCES `kffg_simulations`.`simulation` (`id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
ENGINE = InnoDB;


-- -----------------------------------------------------
-- Table `kffg_simulations`.`bidder`
-- -----------------------------------------------------
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `kffg_simulations`.`bidder` (
  `simulation_id` INT NOT NULL ,
  `idx` INT NOT NULL ,
  `bidder_strategy_id` INT NOT NULL ,
  `budget` BIGINT NOT NULL ,
  PRIMARY KEY (`simulation_id`, `idx`)  ,
  INDEX `fk_bidder_simulation1_idx` (`simulation_id` ASC)  ,
  INDEX `fk_bidder_bidder_strategy1_idx` (`bidder_strategy_id` ASC)  ,
  CONSTRAINT `fk_bidder_simulation1`
    FOREIGN KEY (`simulation_id`)
    REFERENCES `kffg_simulations`.`simulation` (`id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION,
  CONSTRAINT `fk_bidder_bidder_strategy1`
    FOREIGN KEY (`bidder_strategy_id`)
    REFERENCES `kffg_simulations`.`bidder_strategy` (`id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
ENGINE = InnoDB;


-- -----------------------------------------------------
-- Table `kffg_simulations`.`bid_type`
-- -----------------------------------------------------
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `kffg_simulations`.`bid_type` (
  `id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT ,
  `name` VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL ,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)  )
ENGINE = InnoDB;


-- -----------------------------------------------------
-- Table `kffg_simulations`.`bid_status`
-- -----------------------------------------------------
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `kffg_simulations`.`bid_status` (
  `id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT ,
  `description` VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL ,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)  )
ENGINE = InnoDB;


-- -----------------------------------------------------
-- Table `kffg_simulations`.`bid`
-- -----------------------------------------------------
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `kffg_simulations`.`bid` (
  `simulation_id` INT NOT NULL ,
  `item_round_status_round` INT NOT NULL ,
  `clock_item_id` INT NOT NULL ,
  `bidder_idx` INT NOT NULL ,
  `quantity` INT NOT NULL ,
  `price` INT NOT NULL ,
  `bid_type_id` INT NOT NULL ,
  `switch_to_pea_category_id` INT NOT NULL ,
  `backstop` BIGINT NULL ,
  `bid_status_id` INT NOT NULL ,
  `processed_demand` INT NOT NULL ,
  PRIMARY KEY (`simulation_id`, `item_round_status_round`, `clock_item_id`, `bidder_idx`, `quantity`)  ,
  INDEX `fk_bid_item_round_status1_idx` (`simulation_id` ASC, `item_round_status_round` ASC, `clock_item_id` ASC)  ,
  INDEX `fk_bid_bidder1_idx` (`simulation_id` ASC, `bidder_idx` ASC)  ,
  INDEX `fk_bid_bid_type1_idx` (`bid_type_id` ASC)  ,
  INDEX `fk_bid_pea_category1_idx` (`switch_to_pea_category_id` ASC)  ,
  INDEX `fk_bid_bid_status1_idx` (`bid_status_id` ASC)  ,
  CONSTRAINT `fk_bid_item_round_status1`
    FOREIGN KEY (`simulation_id` , `item_round_status_round` , `clock_item_id`)
    REFERENCES `kffg_simulations`.`item_round_status` (`simulation_id` , `round` , `clock_item_id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION,
  CONSTRAINT `fk_bid_bidder1`
    FOREIGN KEY (`bidder_idx` , `simulation_id`)
    REFERENCES `kffg_simulations`.`bidder` (`idx` , `simulation_id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION,
  CONSTRAINT `fk_bid_bid_type1`
    FOREIGN KEY (`bid_type_id`)
    REFERENCES `kffg_simulations`.`bid_type` (`id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION,
  CONSTRAINT `fk_bid_pea_category1`
    FOREIGN KEY (`switch_to_pea_category_id`)
    REFERENCES `kffg_simulations`.`pea_category` (`id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION,
  CONSTRAINT `fk_bid_bid_status1`
    FOREIGN KEY (`bid_status_id`)
    REFERENCES `kffg_simulations`.`bid_status` (`id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
ENGINE = InnoDB;

已更新以显示错误消息：

------------------------
LATEST FOREIGN KEY ERROR
------------------------
170604 21:52:27 Error in foreign key constraint of table kffg_simulations/bid:

    FOREIGN KEY (`simulation_id` , `item_round_status_round` , `clock_item_id`)
    REFERENCES `kffg_simulations`.`item_round_status` (`simulation_id` , `round` , `clock_item_id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION,
  CONSTRAINT `fk_bid_bidder1`
    FOREIGN KEY (`bidder_idx` , `simulation_id`)
    REFERENCES `kffg_simulations`.`bidder` (`idx` , `simulation_id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION,
  CONSTRAINT `fk_bid_bid_type1`
    FOREIGN KEY (`bid_type_id`)
    REFERENCES `kffg_simulations`.`bid_type` (`id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION,
  CONSTRAINT `fk_bid_pea_category1`
    FOREIGN KEY (`switch_to_pea_category_id`)
    REFERENCES `kffg_simulations`.`pea_category` (`id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION,
  CONSTRAINT `fk_bid_bid_status1`
    FOREIGN KEY (`bid_status_id`)
    REFERENCES `kffg_simulations`.`bid_status` (`id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
ENGINE = InnoDB:
Cannot find an index in the referenced table where the
referenced columns appear as the first columns, or column types
in the table and the referenced table do not match for constraint.
Note that the internal storage type of ENUM and SET changed in
tables created with >= InnoDB-4.1.12, and such columns in old tables
cannot be referenced by such columns in new tables.
See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/innodb-foreign-key-constraints.html
for correct foreign key definition.

还更新了 uml 图：

Answer 1

Philipxy 感谢您对这个问题的帮助。您在评论中说投标人的外键是错误的是正确的。出于某种原因，mysql workbench 以错误的顺序生成了代码中的列。 mysqlworkbench提供的代码如下：

  CONSTRAINT `fk_bid_bidder1`
    FOREIGN KEY (`bidder_idx` , `simulation_id`)
    REFERENCES `kffg_simulations`.`bidder` (`idx` , `simulation_id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION,

并且以下代码可以正常工作：

  CONSTRAINT `fk_assignment_bidder1`
    FOREIGN KEY (`bidder_simulation_id` , `bidder_idx`)
    REFERENCES `kffg_simulations`.`bidder` (`simulation_id` , `idx`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION,

据我所知，我的索引设置正确，但代码生成的顺序错误。

（我使用 mysql workbench 正向工程师生成 sql 脚本。我使用 gui 创建出价 table、出价者和item_round_status。因为这两个 tables 都有 simulationid 作为 pk，所以它复制了那一列。当我手动调整投标人的外键以引用为 item_round_status 生成的 simulationid 列时，它改变了索引与那个外键相关。我手动将它们更改为正确的索引，但在生成导致错误的脚本时似乎忽略了我的更改。）

Answer 2

Foreign Key Usage and Error Information 提供有关 FK（外键）的信息。

you can obtain a detailed explanation of the most recent InnoDB foreign key error by checking the output of SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS.

InnoDB permits a foreign key to reference any index column or group of columns. However, in the referenced table, there must be an index where the referenced columns are listed as the first columns in the same order.

中标：

FOREIGN KEY (`bidder_idx` , `simulation_id`)
REFERENCES `kffg_simulations`.`bidder` (`idx` , `simulation_id`)

这里的"referenced table"是bidder，"referenced columns"列表是(idx,simulation_id).

Cannot find an index in the referenced table where the
referenced columns appear as the first columns,

果然，在投标人中，我们找到的最接近的是：

PRIMARY KEY (`simulation_id`, `idx`)  ,

它隐式声明了一个默认的唯一非空索引，但像所有其他索引一样不以 FK 的列列表开头。

mysql 在两个表中引用相同的外键列导致错误 150

mysql error 150 from referencing same foreign key column in two tables

mysql

foreign-keys

mysql-error-150