使用范围和多个连接优化 MySQL 查询

Question

我希望优化下面的 MySQL 查询。有没有更成功的多列索引？我试过 (created_date, rep_id) 但没有成功。任何加速此查询的建议都值得赞赏。

SELECT
customer.rep_id AS `ID`,
COUNT(*) AS Count,
rep.first_name,
rep.last_name

FROM customer 
INNER JOIN appointment ON customer.id = appointment.customer_id
INNER JOIN rep ON customer.rep_id = rep.user_id
INNER JOIN user ON rep.user_id = user.id

WHERE customer.rep_id != 0
AND customer.saved = 0
AND customer.deleted = 0
AND customer.created_date >= '2017-01-01'
AND customer.created_date < '2017-02-01'
AND appointment.current = 1
AND appointment.realStatus IS NOT NULL
AND (   appointment.realStatus not in('rescheduled','cancelled')
    OR (appointment.closed_by_id IS NULL
     OR customer.rep_id != appointment.closed_by_id)
    )
AND user.knocks = 1
AND user.deleted = 0
GROUP BY customer.rep_id
ORDER BY `Count` DESC
LIMIT 50

这是 EXPLAIN 输出：

id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: customer
type: range
possible_keys: PRIMARY,rep_id,created_date  
key: NULL
key_len: NULL
ref: NULL
rows: 354846
Extra: Using where; Using temporary; Using filesort

id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: rep
type: ref
possible_keys: user_id
key: user_id
key_len: 4
ref: customer.rep_id
rows: 1
Extra: Using index condition

id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: user
type: eq_ref
possible_keys: PRIMARY
key: PRIMARY
key_len: 4
ref: rep.user_id
rows: 1
Extra: Using where

id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: appointment
type: ref
possible_keys: realStatus, customer_id, created_date
key: customer_id
key_len: 4
ref: customer.id
rows: 1
Extra: Using where

Answer 1

添加索引提示：from customer use index (created_date) inner join ...

（请注意 use index 并没有按照它所说的去做；它只是让优化器忽略您没有提及的任何索引。）

除此之外，将约会 customer_id 索引设为 (customer_id,current) 可能会有帮助。

Answer 2

您可能需要一个复合索引 - 例如：

在客户 (id, rep_id, created_date) 上创建索引 multi;

MySQL 只为每个 table 使用一个索引（取决于版本、引擎等），如果它认为现有索引不会有帮助，它可能会忽略他们。

我假设 customer.saved 和 customer.deleted 都是可能值很少的列 - yes/no、0/1 等。查询优化引擎往往会忽略它们。

Answer 3

为了可读性和与连接中其他表的视觉关联，稍微重写了查询..

SELECT
        customer.rep_id AS `ID`,
        COUNT(*) AS Count,
        rep.first_name,
        rep.last_name
    FROM 
        customer 
            INNER JOIN appointment 
                ON customer.id = appointment.customer_id
                AND appointment.current = 1
                AND appointment.realStatus IS NOT NULL
            INNER JOIN rep 
                ON customer.rep_id = rep.user_id
                INNER JOIN user 
                    ON rep.user_id = user.id
                    AND user.knocks = 1
                    AND user.deleted = 0
    WHERE 
            customer.rep_id != 0
        AND customer.saved = 0
        AND customer.deleted = 0
        AND customer.created_date >= '2017-01-01'
        AND customer.created_date < '2017-02-01'
        AND ( appointment.realStatus not in('rescheduled','cancelled') 
            OR (    appointment.closed_by_id IS NULL 
                OR  customer.rep_id != appointment.closed_by_id ))
    GROUP BY 
        customer.rep_id
    ORDER BY 
        `Count` DESC
    LIMIT 
        50

您可能需要多个复合索引来帮助查询。此外，我移动了一些查询元素以更好地匹配条件适用的地方（例如约会和用户）。这也有助于确定更好的索引选项。也就是说，我会在每个

上提供以下索引

table        index
customer     (saved, deleted, created_date, rep_id )
rep          (user_id)
appointment  (customer_id, current, realStatus)

使用范围和多个连接优化 MySQL 查询

Optimize MySQL query with range and multiple joins

mysql

indexing

query-optimization

sql-optimization

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