OpenGL

Question

我正在使用方差阴影贴图计算许多点光源的阴影。立方体贴图的所有 6 个面都使用几何着色器在单通道中渲染，对每个光源重复此过程，并且整个批次存储在立方体贴图数组中。这一切都运行良好，60fps 的 16 盏灯没问题。

为了进一步优化，我尝试将整个过程移动到单个几何着色器通道，结果却达到了我硬件仅有的 113 个顶点输出限制。出于好奇，我决定只渲染 4 盏灯（72 个发射的顶点），令我惊讶的是它下降到 24fps。

那么，为什么 16 盏灯和 16 次渲染通道的性能明显优于单次渲染 4 盏灯？

代码基本相同。

#version 400 core

layout(triangles) in;
layout (triangle_strip, max_vertices=18) out;

uniform int lightID;
out vec4 frag_position;

uniform mat4 projectionMatrix;
uniform mat4 shadowTransforms[6];

void main()
{   
    for(int face = 0; face < 6; face++)
    {
        gl_Layer = face + (lightID * 6);

        for(int i=0; i<3; i++)
        {
            frag_position = shadowTransforms[face] * gl_in[i].gl_Position;
            gl_Position = projectionMatrix * shadowTransforms[face] * gl_in[i].gl_Position;

            EmitVertex();
        }
        EndPrimitive();
    }
}

对比

#version 400 core

layout(triangles) in;
layout (triangle_strip, max_vertices=72) out;

out vec4 frag_position;

uniform mat4 projectionMatrix;
uniform mat4 shadowTransforms[24];

void main()
{   
    for (int lightSource = 0; lightSource < 4; lightSource++)
    {
        for(int face = 0; face < 6; face++)
        {
            gl_Layer = face + (lightSource * 6);

            for(int i=0; i<3; i++)
            {
                frag_position = shadowTransforms[gl_Layer] * gl_in[i].gl_Position;
                gl_Position = projectionMatrix * shadowTransforms[gl_Layer] * gl_in[i].gl_Position;
                EmitVertex();
            }
            EndPrimitive();
        }
    }
}

和

public void ShadowMapsPass(Shader shader)
{
    // Setup
    GL.UseProgram(shader.ID);
    GL.Viewport(0, 0, CubeMapArray.size, CubeMapArray.size);

    // Clear the cubemarray array data from the previous frame
    GL.BindFramebuffer(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, shadowMapArray.FBO_handle);
    GL.ClearColor(Color.White);
    GL.Clear(ClearBufferMask.ColorBufferBit | ClearBufferMask.DepthBufferBit);

    for (int j = 0; j < lights.Count; j++)
    {
        // Create the light's view matrices
        List<Matrix4> shadowTransforms = new List<Matrix4>();
        shadowTransforms.Add(Matrix4.LookAt(lights[j].position, lights[j].position + new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector3(0, -1, 0)));
        shadowTransforms.Add(Matrix4.LookAt(lights[j].position, lights[j].position + new Vector3(-1, 0, 0), new Vector3(0, -1, 0)));
        shadowTransforms.Add(Matrix4.LookAt(lights[j].position, lights[j].position + new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector3(0, 0, 1)));
        shadowTransforms.Add(Matrix4.LookAt(lights[j].position, lights[j].position + new Vector3(0, -1, 0), new Vector3(0, 0, -1)));
        shadowTransforms.Add(Matrix4.LookAt(lights[j].position, lights[j].position + new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector3(0, -1, 0)));
        shadowTransforms.Add(Matrix4.LookAt(lights[j].position, lights[j].position + new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector3(0, -1, 0)));

        // Send uniforms to the shader
        for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
        {
            Matrix4 shadowTransform = shadowTransforms[i];
            GL.UniformMatrix4(shader.getUniformID("shadowTransforms[" + i + "]"), false, ref shadowTransform);
        }
        GL.Uniform1(shader.getUniformID("lightID"), j);
        DrawScene(shader, false);
    }
}

对比

public void ShadowMapsPass(Shader shader)
{
    // Setup
    GL.UseProgram(shader.ID);
    GL.Viewport(0, 0, CubeMapArray.size, CubeMapArray.size);

    // Clear the cubemarray array data from the previous frame
    GL.BindFramebuffer(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, shadowMapArray.FBO_handle);
    GL.ClearColor(Color.White);
    GL.Clear(ClearBufferMask.ColorBufferBit | ClearBufferMask.DepthBufferBit);

    // Create the light's view matrices
    List<Matrix4> shadowTransforms = new List<Matrix4>();
    for (int j = 0; j < lights.Count; j++)
    {
        shadowTransforms.Add(Matrix4.LookAt(lights[j].position, lights[j].position + new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector3(0, -1, 0)));
        shadowTransforms.Add(Matrix4.LookAt(lights[j].position, lights[j].position + new Vector3(-1, 0, 0), new Vector3(0, -1, 0)));
        shadowTransforms.Add(Matrix4.LookAt(lights[j].position, lights[j].position + new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector3(0, 0, 1)));
        shadowTransforms.Add(Matrix4.LookAt(lights[j].position, lights[j].position + new Vector3(0, -1, 0), new Vector3(0, 0, -1)));
        shadowTransforms.Add(Matrix4.LookAt(lights[j].position, lights[j].position + new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector3(0, -1, 0)));
        shadowTransforms.Add(Matrix4.LookAt(lights[j].position, lights[j].position + new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector3(0, -1, 0)));
    }

    // Send uniforms to the shader
    for (int i = 0; i < shadowTransforms.Count; i++)
    {
        Matrix4 shadowTransform = shadowTransforms[i];
        GL.UniformMatrix4(shader.getUniformID("shadowTransforms[" + i + "]"), false, ref shadowTransform);
    }      
    DrawScene(shader, false);
}

Answer 1

我猜第二种形式的并行代码执行机会更少。第一个版本的几何着色器生成 18 个顶点，必须执行 4 次，但这 4 次执行可以运行并行。第二个版本依次生成72个顶点。

OpenGL - 几何着色器阴影映射传递非常糟糕

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