Django 在同一模型错误中引用 ManyToManyField 而没有引号

Question

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/db/examples/many_to_many/

所以我的代码基于此文档，但我遇到了一个错误。

from django.db import models

class Gift(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(
      max_length=120, unique=True, help_text='Enter the gift item name'
    )
    # skipping to the ManyToMany ....
    genre = models.ManyToManyField(Category)

class Category(models.Model):
    # skipping stuff like CATEGORIES ...
    type = models.IntegerField(
      primary_key   = True, choices = CATEGORIES, default = EVENT,
    )
    description = models.CharField(max_length=500, null=True, blank=True)

我收到这个错误

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/.../gifting_db/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 363, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/.../gifting_db/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 337, in execute
    django.setup()
  File "/.../gifting_db/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 27, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "/.../gifting_db/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 108, in populate
    app_config.import_models()
  File "/.../gifting_db/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 202, in import_models
    self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
  File "/.../gifting_db/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 978, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 961, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 950, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 655, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 205, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/.../gifting_db/gifting/gifts/models.py", line 5, in <module>
    class Gift(models.Model):
  File "/.../gifting_db/gifting/gifts/models.py", line 20, in Gift
    category    = models.ManyToManyField(Category)
NameError: name 'Category' is not defined

但是，如果我在 'Category' 中添加引号，它就会起作用。知道为什么吗？ django 文档示例不在 'Publication' 和 'Article' 之间使用引号 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/db/examples/many_to_many/。如果有的话，我猜我是将 'Category' 作为字符串而不是作为对类别对象的引用？

genre = models.ManyToManyField('Category')

Answer 1

您的问题是 Category 直到 Gift 之后才定义。如果您想在不带引号的情况下使用它，则需要将 Category 放在 Gift 上方。否则，引号可以正常工作并提供相同的功能。

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/models/fields/#foreignkey

If you need to create a relationship on a model that has not yet been defined, you can use the name of the model, rather than the model object itself:

Answer 2

您需要在 Gift 之前定义 Category 或使用引号。

from django.db import models


class Category(models.Model):
    # skipping stuff like CATEGORIES ...
    type = models.IntegerField(
    primary_key = True, choices=CATEGORIES, default=EVENT)
    description = models.CharField(max_length=500, null=True, blank=True)


class Gift(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=120, unique=True, help_text='Enter the gift item name'
    )
    # skipping to the ManyToMany ....
    genre = models.ManyToManyField(Category)

或use quotes

from django.db import models


class Gift(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=120, unique=True, help_text='Enter the gift item name'
    )
    # skipping to the ManyToMany ....
    genre = models.ManyToManyField('Category')


class Category(models.Model):
    # skipping stuff like CATEGORIES ...
    type = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True, choices=CATEGORIES, default=EVENT,)
    description = models.CharField(max_length=500, null=True, blank=True

Django 在同一模型错误中引用 ManyToManyField 而没有引号

Django referencing a ManyToManyField within the same model error without quotations

python

django

syntax

manytomanyfield