Angular

Question

我有一个用于测试指令的测试组件：

export class UnitTestComponent implements OnInit {
  @ViewChild(BackgroundLoadedDirective) backgroundLoaded: BackgroundLoadedDirective;

  public url = 'https://www.codeproject.com/KB/GDI-plus/ImageProcessing2/flip.jpg';

  constructor() {}

  ngOnInit() {}

  loaded(): void {
    console.log(true)
  }
}

然后我有这个指令，我想为它编写一些测试：

@Directive({
  selector: '[backgroundLoaded]'
})

export class BackgroundLoadedDirective {
  @Input('backgroundLoaded') set url(value) {
    this.createImage(value);
  };

  get url() {
    return this._url;
  }

  @Output() loaded: EventEmitter<any> = new EventEmitter<any>();

  public img: HTMLImageElement;

  private _url: string;

  @HostBinding('class.background-loaded')
  isLoaded = false;

  createImage(url: string): void {

    // This gets logged as expected
    console.log(url);

    this._url = url;

    this.img = new Image();

    this.img.onload = () => {
      this.isLoaded = true;
      this.load.emit(url);
    };

    this.img.src = url;
  }
}

那么我目前只有这个测试：

describe('BackgroundLoadedDirective', () => {

  let component: UnitTestComponent;
  let fixture: ComponentFixture<UnitTestComponent>;
  let spy: any;

  beforeEach(() => {

    TestBed.configureTestingModule({
      declarations: [
        UnitTestComponent,
        BackgroundLoadedDirective
      ],
      schemas: [NO_ERRORS_SCHEMA],
      providers: [
        {provide: ComponentFixtureAutoDetect, useValue: true}
      ]
    });

    fixture = TestBed.createComponent(UnitTestComponent);
    component = fixture.componentInstance;
  });

  it('should create a fake img tag', () => {

    spy = spyOn(component.backgroundLoaded, 'createImage').and.callThrough();

    expect(component.backgroundLoaded.img).toBeTruthy();
    expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalled();
  });
});

问题是测试失败说：

Expected spy createImage to have been called.

尽管调用了该函数，为什么间谍仍不工作？

编辑：

澄清一下，这是测试组件的 html，它应用指令并给它 url。

<div [urlToBackground]="url" [backgroundLoaded]="url" (loaded)="loaded($event)"></div>

Answer 1

基本上干扰的是角度生命周期挂钩。您的测试在时间方面不够关心。

为了更容易测试，触发更改，然后测试您的 setter 是否有效（并调用您正在监视的函数）。

像这样：

it('should create a fake img tag', () => {
    let spy: jasmine.Spy = spyOn(component.backgroundLoaded, 'createImage').and.callThrough();

    comp.backgroundLoaded.url = 'foobar';
    fixture.detectChanges(); // wait for the change detection to kick in

    expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalled();
});

希望对您有所帮助。

（编辑：为 ngOnInit 删除了一个 detectChanges()，因为这里不需要，无论如何应该在测试前调用）

Angular - 单元测试间谍没有识别出该函数已被调用

Angular - unit test spy are not recognising that the function has been called

unit-testing

typescript

karma-jasmine

angular-directive