用于单元测试的模拟 HttpActionContext

Question

我有一个自定义授权属性，如下所示，我正在尝试编写单元测试来测试其功能。

    public override void OnAuthorization(System.Web.Http.Controllers.HttpActionContext actionContext)
    {
        if (actionContext.Request.Headers.Authorization != null)
        {
            // get the Authorization header value from the request and base64 decode it
            string userInfo = Encoding.Default.GetString(Convert.FromBase64String(actionContext.Request.Headers.Authorization.Parameter));

            // custom authentication logic
            if (string.Equals(userInfo, string.Format("{0}:{1}", "user", "pass")))
            {
                IsAuthorized(actionContext);
            }
            else
            {
                HandleUnauthorizedRequest(actionContext);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            HandleUnauthorizedRequest(actionContext);
        }
    }

    protected override void HandleUnauthorizedRequest(System.Web.Http.Controllers.HttpActionContext actionContext)
    {
        actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized)
        {
            ReasonPhrase = "Unauthorized"
        };
    }

我的问题是，当我尝试对此进行测试时，我得到 "System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object." 我已尝试设置 actionContext 的 request.headers.authorization 值，但它没有 setter。当我尝试模拟 HttpActionContext 时，它说它无法从模拟 HttpActionContext 转换为真实的。下面是我的测试代码

public class HttpBasicAuthorizeAttributeTest
{
    private HttpBasicAuthorizeAttribute ClassUnderTest { get; set; }

    private HttpActionContext actionContext { get; set; }

    [TestMethod]
    public void HttpBasicAuthorizeAttribute_OnAuthorize_WithAuthorizedUser_ReturnsAuthorization()
    {
       var context = new Mock<HttpActionContext>();
       context.Setup(x => x.Request.Headers.Authorization.Parameter).Returns("bzUwkDal=");
       ClassUnderTest.OnAuthorization(context);
    }

    [TestInitialize]
    public void Initialize()
    {
        ClassUnderTest = new HttpBasicAuthorizeAttribute();
        actionContext = new HttpActionContext();
    }
}

*省略断言，直到我什至可以让 HttpActionContext 工作

Answer 1

您可以使用实际对象并将其提供给模拟，以便在无法模拟非虚拟成员的情况下将被测方法作为 Moq 进行测试。

[TestMethod]
public void HttpBasicAuthorizeAttribute_OnAuthorize_WithAuthorizedUser_ReturnsAuthorization() {
   //Arrange
    var context = new HttpActionContext();
    var headerValue = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Basic", "bzUwkDal=");
    var request = new HttpRequestMessage();
    request.Headers.Authorization = headerValue;
    var controllerContext = new HttpControllerContext();
    controllerContext.Request = request;
    context.ControllerContext = controllerContext;

   //Act
   ClassUnderTest.OnAuthorization(context);

   //Assert
   //...
}

用于单元测试的模拟 HttpActionContext

Mock HttpActionContext for Unit Test

c#

unit-testing

moq

vs-unit-testing-framework