MVC tkinter 模型。在帧之间切换，添加新帧

Question

我正在关注 Brian 在回答“在 tkinter 中的两个帧之间切换”时所做的 MVC model。他把画框叠起来（都是一开始就做的），然后我们随意展示。

是否可以在程序开始后添加另一帧运行或者只有使用此模型才能查看比开始时制作的帧更多的帧？（多亏了给出的答案，我才知道该怎么做）

但是第二页仍然存在问题，因为它不是 100% 独立的。每次调用框架时它都不是从 strach 开始的。

以下是我对代码的修改。

import tkinter as tk                # python 3
from tkinter import font  as tkfont # python 3
#import Tkinter as tk     # python 2
#import tkFont as tkfont  # python 2

class SampleApp(tk.Tk):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

        self.title_font = tkfont.Font(family='Helvetica', size=18, weight="bold", slant="italic")

        # the container is where we'll stack a bunch of frames
        # on top of each other, then the one we want visible
        # will be raised above the others
        container = tk.Frame(self)
        container.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
        container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

        self.frames = {}
        for F in (StartPage, PageOne):
            page_name = F.__name__
            frame = F(parent=container, controller=self)
            self.frames[page_name] = frame

            # put all of the pages in the same location;
            # the one on the top of the stacking order
            # will be the one that is visible.
            frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")

        self.show_frame("StartPage")

    def show_frame(self, page_name):
        '''Show a frame for the given page name'''
        frame = self.frames[page_name]
        frame.tkraise()

    def add_PageTwo (self):

        self.title_font = tkfont.Font(family='Helvetica', size=18, weight="bold", slant="italic")

        container = tk.Frame(self)
        container.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
        #container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        #container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

        self.frames["PageTwo"] = PageTwo(parent=container, controller=self)
        self.frames["PageTwo"].grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")        

        self.show_frame("PageTwo")


class StartPage(tk.Frame):

    def __init__(self, parent, controller):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
        self.controller = controller
        label = tk.Label(self, text="This is the start page", font=controller.title_font)
        label.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=10)

        button2 = tk.Button(self, text="Go to Page One",
                        command=lambda: controller.show_frame("PageOne"))
        button2.pack()

class PageOne(tk.Frame):

    def __init__(self, parent, controller):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
        self.controller = controller
        label = tk.Label(self, text="This is page 1", font=controller.title_font)
        label.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=10)
        button1 = tk.Button(self, text="Go to the page 2",
                           command=lambda: controller.add_PageTwo())
        button1.pack()
        button2 = tk.Button(self, text="Go to the start page",
                           command=lambda: controller.show_frame("StartPage"))
        button2.pack()        

class PageTwo(tk.Frame):

    def __init__(self, parent, controller):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
        self.controller = controller
        label = tk.Label(self, text="This is page 2. GREAT", font=controller.title_font)
        label.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=10)
        button = tk.Button(self, text="Go to the start page",
                           command=lambda: controller.show_frame("StartPage"))
        button.pack()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = SampleApp()
    app.mainloop()

Answer 1

错误在PageNew class定义：

class PageNew(tk.Frame, parent, controller):
    ...

括号中的名称是 PageNew 将继承的 class 名称，而您可能打算将它们作为 __init__ 方法的参数传递。

在脚本的这一点上，parent 将引用名为 parent 的模块级变量。但是，这样的变量不存在，导致NameError.

您需要删除这些，只保留 tk.Frame。

class PageNew(tk.Frame):
    ...

至于你的问题，是的，可以在运行时创建帧，然后显示它们。它们不需要在初始化时全部创建。

MVC tkinter 模型。在帧之间切换，添加新帧

MVC tkinter model. Switch between frames, add new one

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frames