从 vs2013 升级到 vs2017 后无法加载文件或程序集 'System.Web.Http, Version=4.0.0.0'
Could not load file or assembly 'System.Web.Http, Version=4.0.0.0' after upgrading from vs2013 to vs2017
我们最近从 Visual Studio Community 2013 升级到 Community 2017。我的 REST 服务项目在启动后开始崩溃（构建通过）。这只发生在三分之一的机器上。
我们正在使用 Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Owin 创建我们的 REST 端点。
问题似乎与加载 System.Web.Http 有关，该库引用了 {solution_folder}/packages/Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Core.5.2.3/lib/net45/System.Web.Http.dll.
引用的dll在引用的文件夹中，重建时也会复制到bin文件夹中。有趣的是，当我用 VS2013 重建项目时，我可以从 vs2013 或 vs2017 手动启动服务，但是当我用 vs2017 重建项目并启动它时，我得到以下错误：
Inner Exception 1: FileLoadException: Could not load file or assembly
'System.Web.Http, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral,
PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35' or one of its dependencies. The
located assembly's manifest definition does not match the assembly
reference. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131040)
堆栈跟踪：
System.Reflection.TargetInvocationException occurred
HResult=0x80131604 Message=Exception has been thrown by the target
of an invocation. Source=mscorlib StackTrace: at
System.RuntimeMethodHandle.InvokeMethod(Object target, Object[]
arguments, Signature sig, Boolean constructor) at
System.Reflection.RuntimeMethodInfo.UnsafeInvokeInternal(Object obj,
Object[] parameters, Object[] arguments) at
System.Reflection.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object obj, BindingFlags
invokeAttr, Binder binder, Object[] parameters, CultureInfo culture)
at
Owin.Loader.DefaultLoader.<>c__DisplayClass12.b__b(IAppBuilder
builder) at
Owin.Loader.DefaultLoader.<>c__DisplayClass1.b__0(IAppBuilder
builder) at
Microsoft.Owin.Hosting.Engine.HostingEngine.ResolveApp(StartContext
context) at
Microsoft.Owin.Hosting.Engine.HostingEngine.Start(StartContext
context) at
Microsoft.Owin.Hosting.Starter.DirectHostingStarter.Start(StartOptions
options) at
Microsoft.Owin.Hosting.Starter.HostingStarter.Start(StartOptions
options) at
Microsoft.Owin.Hosting.WebApp.StartImplementation(IServiceProvider
services, StartOptions options) at
Microsoft.Owin.Hosting.WebApp.Start(StartOptions options) at
Microsoft.Owin.Hosting.WebApp.Start[TStartup](StartOptions options)
at Microsoft.Owin.Hosting.WebApp.Start[TStartup](String url) at
PNX.REST.Service.ServiceAdapter.Initialize() in
C:\Projects\peaknx\PNX.OS\PNX.REST.Service\ServiceAdapter.cs:line 32
at PNX.REST.Service.PNXRESTService.StartAdapter(Object state) in
C:\Projects\peaknx\PNX.OS\PNX.REST.Service\PNXRESTService.cs:line 85
at
System.Threading.QueueUserWorkItemCallback.WaitCallback_Context(Object
state) at
System.Threading.ExecutionContext.RunInternal(ExecutionContext
executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean
preserveSyncCtx) at
System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext
executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean
preserveSyncCtx) at
System.Threading.QueueUserWorkItemCallback.System.Threading.IThreadPoolWorkItem.ExecuteWorkItem()
at System.Threading.ThreadPoolWorkQueue.Dispatch() at
System.Threading._ThreadPoolWaitCallback.PerformWaitCallback()
Inner Exception 1: FileLoadException: Could not load file or assembly
'System.Web.Http, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral,
PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35' or one of its dependencies. The
located assembly's manifest definition does not match the assembly
reference. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131040)
更新：
似乎只有在我的机器上构建才会将 app.config 文件复制为 ProjectName.Service.exe.config，而在所有其他机器上它使用 Web.config.
基本上我从来没有进行依赖重定向，它总是寻找 System.Web.Http 4.0.0.0 而不是 5.2.3.0，因为这部分配置不在 ProjectName.Service.exe.config.
中
<dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Http"
publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-5.2.3.0" newVersion="5.2.3.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
已解决：问题是在安装 VS2017 时，您必须在工作负载中检查 "ASP.NET and web development"，以便 VS 将项目识别为 Web 项目并使用 Web.config 而不是 app.config
不幸的是，如果您错过了这一步，将不会有任何有用的错误报告，希望这对某人有所帮助，感谢您的回答。
我们最近从 Visual Studio Community 2013 升级到 Community 2017。我的 REST 服务项目在启动后开始崩溃（构建通过）。这只发生在三分之一的机器上。 我们正在使用 Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Owin 创建我们的 REST 端点。
问题似乎与加载 System.Web.Http 有关，该库引用了 {solution_folder}/packages/Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Core.5.2.3/lib/net45/System.Web.Http.dll.
引用的dll在引用的文件夹中，重建时也会复制到bin文件夹中。有趣的是，当我用 VS2013 重建项目时，我可以从 vs2013 或 vs2017 手动启动服务，但是当我用 vs2017 重建项目并启动它时，我得到以下错误：
Inner Exception 1: FileLoadException: Could not load file or assembly 'System.Web.Http, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35' or one of its dependencies. The located assembly's manifest definition does not match the assembly reference. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131040)
堆栈跟踪：
System.Reflection.TargetInvocationException occurred
HResult=0x80131604 Message=Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation. Source=mscorlib StackTrace: at System.RuntimeMethodHandle.InvokeMethod(Object target, Object[] arguments, Signature sig, Boolean constructor) at System.Reflection.RuntimeMethodInfo.UnsafeInvokeInternal(Object obj, Object[] parameters, Object[] arguments) at System.Reflection.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object obj, BindingFlags invokeAttr, Binder binder, Object[] parameters, CultureInfo culture)
at Owin.Loader.DefaultLoader.<>c__DisplayClass12.b__b(IAppBuilder builder) at Owin.Loader.DefaultLoader.<>c__DisplayClass1.b__0(IAppBuilder builder) at Microsoft.Owin.Hosting.Engine.HostingEngine.ResolveApp(StartContext context) at Microsoft.Owin.Hosting.Engine.HostingEngine.Start(StartContext context) at Microsoft.Owin.Hosting.Starter.DirectHostingStarter.Start(StartOptions options) at Microsoft.Owin.Hosting.Starter.HostingStarter.Start(StartOptions options) at Microsoft.Owin.Hosting.WebApp.StartImplementation(IServiceProvider services, StartOptions options) at Microsoft.Owin.Hosting.WebApp.Start(StartOptions options) at Microsoft.Owin.Hosting.WebApp.Start[TStartup](StartOptions options)
at Microsoft.Owin.Hosting.WebApp.Start[TStartup](String url) at PNX.REST.Service.ServiceAdapter.Initialize() in C:\Projects\peaknx\PNX.OS\PNX.REST.Service\ServiceAdapter.cs:line 32
at PNX.REST.Service.PNXRESTService.StartAdapter(Object state) in C:\Projects\peaknx\PNX.OS\PNX.REST.Service\PNXRESTService.cs:line 85
at System.Threading.QueueUserWorkItemCallback.WaitCallback_Context(Object state) at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.RunInternal(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean preserveSyncCtx) at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean preserveSyncCtx) at System.Threading.QueueUserWorkItemCallback.System.Threading.IThreadPoolWorkItem.ExecuteWorkItem() at System.Threading.ThreadPoolWorkQueue.Dispatch() at System.Threading._ThreadPoolWaitCallback.PerformWaitCallback()Inner Exception 1: FileLoadException: Could not load file or assembly 'System.Web.Http, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35' or one of its dependencies. The located assembly's manifest definition does not match the assembly reference. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131040)
更新：
似乎只有在我的机器上构建才会将 app.config 文件复制为 ProjectName.Service.exe.config，而在所有其他机器上它使用 Web.config.
基本上我从来没有进行依赖重定向，它总是寻找 System.Web.Http 4.0.0.0 而不是 5.2.3.0，因为这部分配置不在 ProjectName.Service.exe.config.
中<dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Http"
publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-5.2.3.0" newVersion="5.2.3.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
已解决：问题是在安装 VS2017 时，您必须在工作负载中检查 "ASP.NET and web development"，以便 VS 将项目识别为 Web 项目并使用 Web.config 而不是 app.config
不幸的是，如果您错过了这一步，将不会有任何有用的错误报告，希望这对某人有所帮助，感谢您的回答。