密码被用作命令

Password is being used as a command

我正在尝试 运行 来自 python 文件的命令:

p = subprocess.Popen("mysqldump -h" + hostname + " -u" + mysql_user + " --password=" + mysql_pw + " " + db + " >   dump_" + hostname + "_" + timestamp + ".sql", shell=True)

但是 --password= 甚至 -p 一直挂断我的密码字符串

密码类似这样的结构:

Z@F&sfeafxegwa

命令行错误:

'sfeafxegwa' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.

您需要引用密码以保护 shell 个元字符(例如 &)不被 shell 特殊处理,例如:

cmd = "mysqldump -h {} -u {} -p'{}' {} > dump_{}_{}.sql".format(
    hostname, mysql_user, mysql_pw, db, hostname, timestamp)
subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True, check=True)

但是,如果密码本身可以包含引号,这将不起作用。更好的选择是将参数的 list 传递给 subprocess 并自己进行重定向:

args = ["mysqldump", "-h", hostname, "-u", mysql_user, "-p{}".format(mysql_pw), db]
outfile = "dump_{}_{}.sql".format(hostname, timestamp)

with open(outfile, "w") as f:
    subprocess.run(args, check=True, stdout=f)

正如评论中已经提到的,不要使用shell=True。参见 https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html#security-considerations

将参数列表直接传递给 Popen 构造函数,而不是让 shell 进行拆分。

with open('dump_{}_{}.sql'.format(hostname, timestamp), 'w') as dump_file:
    p = subprocess.Popen(
        [
            'mysqldump', '-h', hostname, '-u', mysql_user,
            '--password={}'.format(mysql_pw), db
        ],
        stdout=dump_file
    )

shell=True 的问题在旧版本的文档中有更好的解释:https://docs.python.org/2/library/subprocess.html#frequently-used-arguments