spring 引导测试中的事务未回滚

Question

我的 UserController 有一个集成测试 class。以下class的内容为：

// imports...

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@Transactional
@Rollback
public class UserControllerTests {

    private static final String ENDPOINT = "/v1/users";

    @Autowired
    private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private ApplicationProperties applicationProperties;

    @Test
    public void test_user_create() {
        String token = login("test", "test");
        HttpEntity<UserRequest> request = createRequest(token, "admin", "admin");
        ResponseEntity<User> response = restTemplate.exchange(ENDPOINT, HttpMethod.POST, request, User.class);

        assertEquals(HttpStatus.CREATED, response.getStatusCode());
    }

    private HttpEntity createRequest(String token) {
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setAccept(Collections.singletonList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));
        headers.set("Authorization", String.format("Bearer %s", token));
        return new HttpEntity(headers);
    }

    private HttpEntity<UserRequest> createRequest(String token, String username, String password) {
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        headers.setAccept(Collections.singletonList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));
        headers.set("Authorization", String.format("Bearer %s", token));
        return new HttpEntity<>(new UserRequest(username, password), headers);
    }

    private String login(String username, String password) {
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED);
        headers.setAccept(Collections.singletonList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));
        headers.set("Authorization", String.format("Basic %s", Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(String.format("%s:%s", applicationProperties.getAuth().getClientId(), applicationProperties.getAuth().getClientSecret()).getBytes())));
        MultiValueMap<String, String> body = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
        body.add("grant_type", "password");
        body.add("username", username);
        body.add("password", password);
        HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, String>> request = new HttpEntity<>(body, headers);
        ResponseEntity<OAuth2AccessToken> response = restTemplate.exchange("/oauth/token", HttpMethod.POST, request, OAuth2AccessToken.class);
        return response.getBody().getValue();
    }
}

当我执行此测试 class 两次时，第二次失败，因为数据库中已经有一个用户名为 admin（唯一约束）的用户。

我正在针对与我的生产环境相同的 postgres 数据库进行测试。该应用程序正在使用 Spring 的 jdbcTemplate 进行数据库操作。

我的日志记录产生了以下日志：

2017-10-13 14:11:31.407  INFO [iam-service,,,] 63566 --- [           main] o.s.t.c.transaction.TransactionContext   : Began transaction (1) for test context 
...
2017-10-13 14:11:32.050  INFO [iam-service,,,] 63566 --- [           main] o.s.t.c.transaction.TransactionContext   : Rolled back transaction for test context

我的应用程序流程是 <request> --> <controller> --> <service with jdbcTemplate>，服务是用 @Transactional 注释的。

我真的被这个困住了。

找到的一个解决方案对我不起作用，它正在为测试配置创建一个 PlatformTransactionManager bean：

@Bean
public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(DataSource dataSource) {
    return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
}

Answer 1

根据官方 Spring Boot documentation 直接从 "web layer" 应用时不支持数据库事务回滚：

If your test is @Transactional, it will rollback the transaction at the end of each test method by default. However, as using this arrangement with either RANDOM_PORT or DEFINED_PORT implicitly provides a real servlet environment, HTTP client and server will run in separate threads, thus separate transactions. Any transaction initiated on the server won’t rollback in this case.

我建议您考虑以下选项：

在单元测试的情况下对 web controller layer and database 层使用单独的测试
Create/Restore 表之前 & Drop/Clear 在执行集成测试时测试方法执行之后。当 Db 模式很大时，这种方法可能会产生很大的开销，但是您可以 clear/restore 根据您的需求有选择地获取数据。

spring 引导测试中的事务未回滚

Transactions in spring boot testing not rolled back

postgresql

junit

spring

spring-jdbc

spring-boot