用于替换路径字符串中的字符的 Powershell 脚本因“（”或“）”而出错

Question

我编写了一个 Powershell 脚本，该脚本接收 N 个字符，这些字符必须由用户提供的另一个给定字符替换。例如，用户想要替换 (, ), 和 -。用户通过这个循环输入需要替换的字符：

#Declare array for special characters to replace
$replaceChars = @( )

#Instruct the user about entering characters to replace
Write-Host
Write-Host "Please enter what you would like to replace in your names. This can contain one or more characters. Example: (2) or ^ or _" -ForegroundColor Cyan
Write-Host "Enter -1 to end your input and continue." -ForegroundColor Cyan

#Get values until sentinal is passed
$input = "" #input from user declared to blank

#loop for special characters
while($input -ne -1) {

    #get the input from the user
    $input = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter what you would like to replace (-1 to finish)"

    #if the input isn't sentinal, put it in the replaceChars array
    if($replaceChars.Length -gt 0 -and $input -eq -1) {
        Write-Host
        Write-Host "Your entries have been stored." -ForegroundColor Green
    } #end-if
    elseif($replaceChars.Length -eq 0 -and $input -eq -1) {
        Write-Host
        Write-Host "ERROR: You must enter at least one character to continue." -ForegroundColor Red
        $input = $NULL
    }
    elseif($input -eq '') {
    Write-Host
    Write-Host "Invalid entry. Entry cannot be blank, please enter a value." -ForegroundColor Red
    }#end-elseif
    elseif($input.IndexOfAny([System.IO.Path]::GetInvalidFileNameChars()) -ge 0) {
        Write-Host
        Write-Host "Invalid entry. File names cannot contain / \ : * ? `" < > |" -ForegroundColor Red
    }#end-elseif
    else {
        $replaceChars += $input
    } #end-else

}#end-while

用户然后通过此代码输入替换字符：

#Get the char to replace to
Write-Host
Write-Host "Please enter what you want to replace the selected characters with. Leave blank and hit enter to delete the old characters." -ForegroundColor Cyan
$newChar = Read-Host -Prompt "Please enter new character(s)"
while($newChar.IndexOfAny([System.IO.Path]::GetInvalidFileNameChars()) -ge 0) {
    Write-Host
    Write-Host "The entry is invalid for file names. File names cannot contain / \ : * ? `" < > |" -ForegroundColor Red
    $newChar = Read-Host -Prompt "Please enter new character(s)"
}
Write-Host
Write-Host "New character has been stored" -ForegroundColor Green

然后我用这个处理条目：

#Iterate through each character 
foreach($char in $replaceChars) {
    if($type -eq 1) {
        gci -File -Path "$path" | Where-Object { $_.Name -match $char } | ForEach-Object { $_ | rename-item  -NewName $_.Name.Replace($char, $newChar) }
    } elseif ($type -eq 2) { #end-if
        gci -Directory -Path "$path" | Where-Object { $_.Name -match $char } | ForEach-Object { $_ | rename-item  -NewName $_.Name.Replace($char, $newChar) }
    } else { #end-elseif 
        gci -Path "$path" | Where-Object { $_.Name -match $char } | ForEach-Object { $_ | rename-item  -NewName $_.Name.Replace($char, $newChar) }
    }#end-else
} #end-foreach

错误：如果用户输入类似 ( 或 ) 的内容，则脚本的最后一部分会失败并显示以下错误代码：

parsing "(" - Not enough )'s.
At <path to script>:109 char:50
+ ... gci -File -Path "$path" | Where-Object { $_.Name -match $char } | For ...
+                                              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : OperationStopped: (:) [], ArgumentException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : System.ArgumentException

我的解决方案：我试图使用 [regex]::Escape() 来转义 $char 和 $newChar 变量来修复括号错误。我还试图通过用单引号和双引号括起变量来解决这个问题；但是，这会阻止实际的字符替换发生。我知道 parentheses/special 字符是导致问题的原因，我需要以某种方式转义这些字符；然而，[regex]::Escape() 解决方案破坏了字符匹配并最终没有替换用户输入的任何字符。

我的问题： 我怎样才能成功转义 GCI cmdlet 中的 $char 和 $newChar 变量并仍然替换特殊字符，如 ( 或 )

gci -Path "$path" | Where-Object { $_.Name -match $char } | ForEach-Object { $_ | rename-item  -NewName $_.Name.Replace($char, $newChar) }

Answer 1

您是如何尝试准确实施 [regex]::Escape() 的？如果您尝试在转义前 save $char 我看到您的问题。由于您的 .replace() 方法不使用正则表达式。这应该让您有一些选择

只需更新 where 子句即可使用转义字符进行比较。那是 $char 并没有永久改变。无论您是否计划使用 -match 并且不支持正则表达式字符，这都是一个好主意。
```
gci -Path "$path" | Where-Object { $_.Name -match [regex]::Escape($char) } | ...
```

将 $char 保存为转义并使用同样支持正则表达式的 -replace 运算符。

gci -Path "$path" | Where-Object { $_.Name -match $char } | 
    ForEach-Object { $_ | rename-item  -NewName ($_.Name -replace $char, $newChar))

根本不使用正则表达式运算符

gci -Path "$path" | Where-Object { $_.Name.Contains($char) } | ...

几个评论点

不要使用名字 $input。它是一个保留的变量名。参见 about_automatic_variables
由于您使用的是文件的全名，因此请注意您也可能不小心编辑了文件的扩展名。在这种情况下，basename 属性可能对您有用。
正如 TheMadTechnician 指出的那样，您可以通过在 Get-ChildItem 级别进行过滤来避免 regex/non-regex 问题。
```
gci -Path "$path" -Filter "*$char*" | Rename-Item  -NewName {$_.Name.Replace($char, $newChar)}
```

Answer 2

解决方案： 我已经实施了@Matt 的建议并通过以下方式解决了错误：

#Iterate through each character 
foreach($char in $replaceChars) {
    if($type -eq 1) {
        gci -File -Path "$path" | Where-Object { $_.Basename.Contains($char) } | ForEach-Object { $_ | rename-item -NewName ($_.Basename.Replace($char, $newChar) + $_.extension) }
    } elseif ($type -eq 2) { #end-if
        gci -Directory -Path "$path" | Where-Object { $_.Basename.Contains($char) } | ForEach-Object { $_ | rename-item -NewName ($_.Basename.Replace($char, $newChar) + $_.extension) }
    } else { #end-elseif 
        gci -Path "$path" | Where-Object { $_.Basename.Contains($char) } | ForEach-Object { $_ | rename-item -NewName ($_.Basename.Replace($char, $newChar) + $_.extension) }
    }#end-else
} #end-foreach

用于替换路径字符串中的字符的 Powershell 脚本因“（”或“）”而出错

Powershell Script to replace characters in path strings errors out due to "(" or ")"

string

powershell

replace

rename-item-cmdlet