运行使用 sudo 的 Django 找不到已安装的自制程序包

Question

我有一个 Django 项目，我想运行在 80 端口 manage.py runserver。在我的项目中，我使用 Wand 库，并使用自制软件安装了 freetype 和 imagemagick：

brew install freetype imagemagick

到运行Django 80端口runserver需要运行和sudo，但是当我运行运行服务器sudo 它似乎没有找到 imagemagick:

$ sudo ~/.pyenv/versions/myproject/bin/python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:80
Password:
Performing system checks...

Unhandled exception in thread started by <function check_errors.<locals>.wrapper at 0x11068c840>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/Oskar/.pyenv/versions/myproject/lib/python3.6/site-packages/wand/api.py", line 180, in <module>
    libraries = load_library()
  File "/Users/Oskar/.pyenv/versions/myproject/lib/python3.6/site-packages/wand/api.py", line 135, in load_library
    raise IOError('cannot find library; tried paths: ' + repr(tried_paths))
OSError: cannot find library; tried paths: []

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/Oskar/.pyenv/versions/myproject/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 228, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/Oskar/.pyenv/versions/myproject/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 125, in inner_run
    self.check(display_num_errors=True)
  File "/Users/Oskar/.pyenv/versions/myproject/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 359, in check
    include_deployment_checks=include_deployment_checks,
  File "/Users/Oskar/.pyenv/versions/myproject/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 346, in _run_checks
    return checks.run_checks(**kwargs)
  File "/Users/Oskar/.pyenv/versions/myproject/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/checks/registry.py", line 81, in run_checks
    new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs)
  File "/Users/Oskar/.pyenv/versions/myproject/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 16, in check_url_config
    return check_resolver(resolver)
  File "/Users/Oskar/.pyenv/versions/myproject/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 26, in check_resolver
    return check_method()
  File "/Users/Oskar/.pyenv/versions/myproject/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 254, in check
    for pattern in self.url_patterns:
  File "/Users/Oskar/.pyenv/versions/myproject/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 35, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "/Users/Oskar/.pyenv/versions/myproject/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 405, in url_patterns
    patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
  File "/Users/Oskar/.pyenv/versions/myproject/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 35, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "/Users/Oskar/.pyenv/versions/myproject/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 398, in urlconf_module
    return import_module(self.urlconf_name)
  File "/Users/Oskar/.pyenv/versions/3.6.0/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 978, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 961, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 950, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 655, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 205, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/Users/Oskar/git/myproject/myproject/urls.py", line 12, in <module>
    from views import about, index, upload
  File "/Users/Oskar/git/myproject/views.py", line 7, in <module>
    from wand.image import Image
  File "/Users/Oskar/.pyenv/versions/myproject/lib/python3.6/site-packages/wand/image.py", line 20, in <module>
    from .api import MagickPixelPacket, libc, libmagick, library
  File "/Users/Oskar/.pyenv/versions/myproject/lib/python3.6/site-packages/wand/api.py", line 206, in <module>
    'Try to install:\n  ' + msg)
ImportError: MagickWand shared library not found.
You probably had not installed ImageMagick library.
Try to install:
  brew install freetype imagemagick

brew 中的 Imagemagick 文件：

$ ls -l $(brew --prefix imagemagick)/lib
total 7904
drwxr-xr-x  4 Oskar admin     128 Nov 11 14:25 ImageMagick
-r--r--r--  1 Oskar admin  553388 Nov 15 18:20 libMagick++-7.Q16HDRI.3.dylib
-r--r--r--  1 Oskar admin  913560 Nov 11 14:25 libMagick++-7.Q16HDRI.a
lrwxr-xr-x  1 Oskar admin      29 Nov 11 14:25 libMagick++-7.Q16HDRI.dylib -> libMagick++-7.Q16HDRI.3.dylib
-rwxr-xr-x  1 Oskar admin    1272 Nov 15 18:20 libMagick++-7.Q16HDRI.la
-r--r--r--  1 Oskar admin 1608056 Nov 15 18:20 libMagickCore-7.Q16HDRI.4.dylib
-r--r--r--  1 Oskar admin 2321824 Nov 11 14:25 libMagickCore-7.Q16HDRI.a
lrwxr-xr-x  1 Oskar admin      31 Nov 11 14:25 libMagickCore-7.Q16HDRI.dylib -> libMagickCore-7.Q16HDRI.4.dylib
-rwxr-xr-x  1 Oskar admin    1144 Nov 15 18:20 libMagickCore-7.Q16HDRI.la
-r--r--r--  1 Oskar admin 1109812 Nov 15 18:20 libMagickWand-7.Q16HDRI.4.dylib
-r--r--r--  1 Oskar admin 1564192 Nov 11 14:25 libMagickWand-7.Q16HDRI.a
lrwxr-xr-x  1 Oskar admin      31 Nov 11 14:25 libMagickWand-7.Q16HDRI.dylib -> libMagickWand-7.Q16HDRI.4.dylib
-rwxr-xr-x  1 Oskar admin    1214 Nov 15 18:20 libMagickWand-7.Q16HDRI.la
drwxr-xr-x 10 Oskar admin     320 Nov 15 18:20 pkgconfig

所有 libMagickWand dylib 文件

$ sudo find / -name "libMagickWand*.dylib"
./usr/local/lib/libMagickWand-7.Q16HDRI.4.dylib
./usr/local/lib/libMagickWand-7.Q16HDRI.dylib
./usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick@6/6.9.9-9/lib/libMagickWand-6.Q16.dylib
./usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick@6/6.9.9-9/lib/libMagickWand-6.Q16.5.dylib
./usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick@6/6.9.9-11/lib/libMagickWand-6.Q16.dylib
./usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick@6/6.9.9-11/lib/libMagickWand-6.Q16.5.dylib
./usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick@6/6.9.9-20/lib/libMagickWand-6.Q16.dylib
./usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick@6/6.9.9-20/lib/libMagickWand-6.Q16.5.dylib
./usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick@6/6.9.9-21/lib/libMagickWand-6.Q16.dylib
./usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick@6/6.9.9-21/lib/libMagickWand-6.Q16.5.dylib
./usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick@6/6.9.9-19/lib/libMagickWand-6.Q16.dylib
./usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick@6/6.9.9-19/lib/libMagickWand-6.Q16.5.dylib
./usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick@6/6.9.9-10/lib/libMagickWand-6.Q16.dylib
./usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick@6/6.9.9-10/lib/libMagickWand-6.Q16.5.dylib
./usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick@6/6.9.9-17/lib/libMagickWand-6.Q16.dylib
./usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick@6/6.9.9-17/lib/libMagickWand-6.Q16.5.dylib
./usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick@6/6.9.9-12/lib/libMagickWand-6.Q16.dylib
./usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick@6/6.9.9-12/lib/libMagickWand-6.Q16.5.dylib
./usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick@6/6.9.9-15/lib/libMagickWand-6.Q16.dylib
./usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick@6/6.9.9-15/lib/libMagickWand-6.Q16.5.dylib
./usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick@6/6.9.9-23/lib/libMagickWand-6.Q16.dylib
./usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick@6/6.9.9-23/lib/libMagickWand-6.Q16.5.dylib
./usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick@6/6.9.9-14/lib/libMagickWand-6.Q16.dylib
./usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick@6/6.9.9-14/lib/libMagickWand-6.Q16.5.dylib
./usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick/7.0.7-11/lib/libMagickWand-7.Q16HDRI.4.dylib
./usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick/7.0.7-11/lib/libMagickWand-7.Q16HDRI.dylib

运行在另一个端口上没有 sudo 的情况下可以按预期工作，我怎样才能让它在端口 80 上也能工作？

Answer 1

将您环境的相关部分传播到 root 的环境中：

$ sudo env PATH=$PATH PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH ~/.pyenv/versions/myproject/bin/python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:80

Answer 2

清理不同的 `imagemagick` 安装

首先是last version of imagemagick is currently not supported by wand，所以如果你不使用它可以安全地卸载它以避免干扰imagemagick@6，这是启动wand:
```
$ brew uninstall imagemagick
```
不过这是可选的。

如果你想保留两个版本的安装，我仍然会取消链接 imagemagick 以支持旧的 dylib，因为 wand 在我的机器上工作而无需设置 MAGICK_PATH:
```
$ brew unlink imagemagick
Unlinking /usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick/7.0.7-11... 72 symlinks removed
```

Link imagemagick@6:

$ brew link imagemagick@6
Linking /usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick@6/6.9.9-23... 76 symlinks created

检查这是否已经足够（如我所说，此设置已经在我的机器上运行）：
```
$ sudo python3.6 -c "from wand.image import Image"
```
如果没有出现错误，您就完成了！您还可以清除 MAGICK_PATH 变量，因为它现在已过时。

如果以上几点没有帮助

您应该保持 MAGICK_PATH 不变，因为它是 wand 查找库的关键。要将 var 传播到 sudo 会话中，请修改 sudo 设置：

$ sudo visudo

添加行Defaults env_keep += "MAGICK_PATH"，保存并退出。您可能需要启动一个新的终端会话才能使更改生效。这将确保 MAGICK_PATH 变量传递给 sudo 会话。

运行使用 sudo 的 Django 找不到已安装的自制程序包

Running Django with sudo can't find installed homebrew packages

python

django

homebrew

sudo

清理不同的 `imagemagick` 安装

如果以上几点没有帮助

运行 使用 sudo 的 Django 找不到已安装的自制程序包

Running Django with sudo can't find installed homebrew packages

python

django

homebrew

sudo

清理不同的 imagemagick 安装

如果以上几点没有帮助

运行使用 sudo 的 Django 找不到已安装的自制程序包

清理不同的 `imagemagick` 安装