Django oracle 数据库设置

Question

我只想将我的本地 oracle 数据库连接到我的 Django 项目，但我的数据库凭据无法正常工作。实际上，我可以通过 sql 开发人员使用该凭据连接我的 oracle 数据库：

我刚刚在 django settings_py 中使用了那个凭证

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.oracle',
        'NAME': 'INTERNAL',
        'USER': 'system',
        'PASSWORD': 'oracle',        
        'HOST':'localhost/xe',
        'PORT':'1521'
    }
}

错误是：

Traceback (most recent call last):
web_1  |   File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
web_1  |     execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 364, in execute_from_command_line
web_1  |     utility.execute()
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 356, in execute
web_1  |     self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 283, in run_from_argv
web_1  |     self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 330, in execute
web_1  |     output = self.handle(*args, **options)
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/makemigrations.py", line 110, in handle
web_1  |     loader.check_consistent_history(connection)
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/loader.py", line 282, in check_consistent_history
web_1  |     applied = recorder.applied_migrations()
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/recorder.py", line 65, in applied_migrations
web_1  |     self.ensure_schema()
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/recorder.py", line 52, in ensure_schema
web_1  |     if self.Migration._meta.db_table in self.connection.introspection.table_names(self.connection.cursor()):
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 254, in cursor
web_1  |     return self._cursor()
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 229, in _cursor
web_1  |     self.ensure_connection()
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 213, in ensure_connection
web_1  |     self.connect()
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 94, in __exit__
web_1  |     six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/six.py", line 685, in reraise
web_1  |     raise value.with_traceback(tb)
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 213, in ensure_connection
web_1  |     self.connect()
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 189, in connect
web_1  |     self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/oracle/base.py", line 212, in get_new_connection
web_1  |     return Database.connect(self._connect_string(), **conn_params)
web_1  | django.db.utils.DatabaseError: ORA-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist

这是我的听众状态

 Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC_FOR_XE)))
    STATUS of the LISTENER
    ------------------------
    Alias                     LISTENER
    Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production
    Start Date                28-DEC-2017 15:51:21
    Uptime                    0 days 2 hr. 8 min. 36 sec
    Trace Level               off
    Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
    SNMP                      OFF
    Default Service           XE
    Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe/network/admin/listener.ora
    Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/e48c7c272f44/listener/alert/log.xml
    Listening Endpoints Summary...
      (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC_FOR_XE)))
      (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=e48c7c272f44)(PORT=1521)))
      (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=e48c7c272f44)(PORT=8080))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
    Services Summary...
    Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
      Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Service "XE" has 1 instance(s).
      Instance "XE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Service "XEXDB" has 1 instance(s).
      Instance "XE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
     here its my listener status

Answer 1

您应该将 HOST 更改为 localhost' or '127.0.0.1 并且 SID 为 NAME。

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.oracle',
        'NAME': 'xe',
        'USER': 'system',
        'PASSWORD': 'oracle',        
        'HOST':'127.0.0.1',
        'PORT':'1521'
    }
}

为了将来的参考，如果 Oracle 使用服务名称而不是 SID 配置，则配置将是：

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.oracle',
        'NAME': '127.0.0.1:1521/service.name',
        'USER': 'system',
        'PASSWORD': 'oracle',        
    }
}

在 Django 中使用 Oracle 时要考虑的另一件事是，当您连接到其他用户（模式）数据库时，您必须在 Django 模型中设置 db_table Meta option：

class OracleTable(models.Model):
    ... fields ...
    class Meta:
        db_table = '\"OTHERUSER\".\"ORACLETABLE\"'

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