如何加入 tables 以选择加入的 table 中的最大行?

How do I join tables to choose the maximum row in the joined table?

我有两个 table,我想在一个属性上加入它们,而不是在第二个 table 中获取所有匹配的行,我只想选择带有特定列中的最高数字(最新日期等)。我如何在 SQL 中表达这个结果?

这里有一个简化的例子来澄清我的问题。

Table `colors`
| color |
+-------+
| red   |
| green |
| blue  |


Table `inventory`
| color | value | shape    |
+-------+-------+----------|
| red   | 1     | square   |
| red   | 2     | circle   |
| green | 7     | triangle |


Desired output:
| color | value | shape    |
+-------+-------+----------|
| red   | 2     | circle   |
| green | 7     | triangle |
| blue  | NULL  | NULL     |

我的 table 相当大,因此理想情况下,解决方案会相当有效。 (不需要微调,只是试图避免可能变得巨大的双重连接。)

select c.color, i2.value, i2.shape
from colors c
left join 
(
   select color, max(value) as value
   from inventory 
   group by color
) i on c.color = i.color
left join inventory i2 on i2.color = i.color
                      and i2.value = i.value

http://sqlfiddle.com/#!9/0b75c/6

SELECT c.*, i.value, i.shape
FROM colors c
LEFT JOIN inventory i
ON c.color = i.color
LEFT JOIN inventory i_
ON i.color = i_.color
  AND i.value<i_.value
WHERE  i_.color IS NULL

http://sqlfiddle.com/#!9/0b75c/8

SELECT i.value, i.shape
FROM inventory i
LEFT JOIN inventory i_
ON i.color = i_.color
  AND i.value<i_.value
WHERE  i_.color IS NULL