使用 indexOf 比较数组的第一个和下一个元素。 JavaScript

Question

我正在阅读 Murach 的 JavaScript & JQuery 书。我正在尝试创建彩票生成器。我目前坚持如何使用 indexOf 将数组的第一个元素与下一个元素进行比较，以确保我不会得到重复项。我的想法是打印 5 个随机数，而前面的数字不一样。

var numOfTickets;
do{
   numOfTickets = prompt("Enter number of lotto tickets (1-10)"); 
   numOfTickets = parseInt(numOfTickets);

   var lottoNum = new Array(5);
   do{
      for(var i = 0; i <lottoNum.length; i++){
      var num = Math.floor(Math.random() * 47);
      lottoNum[i] = num;
   }
   document.write(lottoNum);
   }while(lottoNum.indexOf(i) != i+1)); //while the value of first index != to the next?


}
while(numOfTickets <1 || numOfTickets >10 ); //repeat prompt until valid.

Answer 1

试试这个：

var numOfTickets;
do {
    numOfTickets = prompt("Enter number of lotto tickets (1-10)");
    numOfTickets = parseInt(numOfTickets);
    var lottoNum = new Array(5);

    for (var i = 0; i < lottoNum.length; i++) {
        var num;

        do {
            num = Math.floor(Math.random() * 47);
        } while (lottoNum.indexOf(num) > -1);

        lottoNum[i] = num;
    }
    document.write(lottoNum);
}
while (numOfTickets < 1 || numOfTickets > 10); //repeat prompt until valid.

Answer 2

indexOf 用于查找给定元素在数组中的索引。

您要做的是访问数组中特定索引处的元素。

您可以像这样使用括号表示法来做到这一点：

lottoNum[i] != lottoNum[i+1]

Answer 3

您可以使用此代码片段来实现您的需要。请通读评论以更清楚地了解已完成的工作。

numOfTickets = prompt("Enter number of lotto tickets (1-10)"); 
numOfTickets = parseInt(numOfTickets);

for(var i=0; i<numOfTickets; i++){
//specify how much number you need in each lotto
var lottoLength = 5; 
//initialize each lotto to empty
var lotto = [];
//loop over the lotto length
for(var j = 0; j <lottoLength; j++){
  //get your first random lotto number
  var num = Math.floor(Math.random() * 47);
  //make sure that the lotto number do not match the number before it
  while(lotto.includes(num)){
    num = Math.floor(Math.random() * 47);
  }
  //push the number in the lotto
  lotto.push(num);
}
 //your final numOfTickets
  console.log(lotto);
}

此代码将始终确保乐透号码与其之前的号码不匹配。

Answer 4

您可以从一个数字数组中选择并从数组中删除该项目，然后调用自身直到您拥有正确数量的数字：

const getLottoNums = fromWhat => howMany => {
  const recur = (fromWhat, lottoNumbers ) => {
    if(lottoNumbers.length===howMany){
      //have the right amount of numbers, return it
      return lottoNumbers;
    }
    //you can never pick a number that's already been picked before because
    //  before calling recur again that number is removed from the "fromWhat" array
    const pickedNumber = fromWhat[Math.floor(Math.random() * fromWhat.length)];
    //recursively call itself removing the picked number from "fromWhat"
    return recur(//call itself again until we have enough numbers
      fromWhat.filter(x=>x!==pickedNumber),//filter out picked number
      lottoNumbers.concat([pickedNumber])//add picked number to lottoNmbers
    );
  }
  return recur(fromWhat,[]);
};

const getFrom47LottoNumbers = 
  getLottoNums(Array.from(new Array(47),(_,index)=>index+1));
document.body.addEventListener(
  "click",
  _=>console.log(getFrom47LottoNumbers(5))
);

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