如何随机排列字符串中的辅音?

How to shuffle consonants in a string?

在PHP中,我们知道可以使用函数str_shuffle()随机打乱字符串字符。所以一个字符串 "developer" 每次都会变成 "lrevdeope", "dvolpeere" 等等。

但这不是我想要的。相反,我只想随机洗牌辅音。所以 "developer" 应该在每次页面刷新时变为 "verelodep", "leveroped" 等。

我们怎样才能实现呢?有什么想法吗?

几分钟后我得到了这个:

$s = 'developer';
$cons = [];
for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($s); $i++) {
    if (!in_array($s[$i], ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u', 'y'])) {
        $cons[] = $s[$i];
        $s[$i] = '-';
    }
}

shuffle($cons);

for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($s); $i++) {
    if ($s[$i] == '-') {
        $s[$i] = array_shift($cons);
    }
}

echo $s . PHP_EOL;

您可以像这样创建自定义函数:

function shuffle_consonants($str) {
  $str = str_split($str);
  $vowels = ['a','e','i','o','u'];

  foreach($str as $char) 
      if(!in_array($char, $vowels)) $con .= $char;

  $con = str_shuffle($con);
  $idx = 0;

  foreach($str as &$char) 
      if(!in_array($char, $vowels)) $char = $con[$idx++];

  return implode("", $str);
}
echo shuffle_consonants("developer");

好吧,这里有一个替代方案:

$word = "developer";

$letters = str_split($word);

$consonants = array_filter($letters, function ($letter) {
    return !in_array($letter, ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u', 'y']);
}); //Get all consonants with their index

$consonantPositions = array_keys($consonants); //keep indexes (shuffle will lose them)

shuffle($consonants);

$letters = array_combine($consonantPositions, $consonants) + $letters; // put the shuffled consonants in their indexes and glue them back into the letters

ksort($letters); // put the keys back in their place

echo implode("",$letters); 

我很欣赏 u_mulder 方法的总体设计,但我想为任何可能感兴趣的读者做一些 refinements/micro-optimizations。

  • 存储 strlen() 值以便 php 不必重复生成它。
  • 调用strpos()区分元音和辅音。 (参考:in_array vs strpos for performance in php

  • 暂时不要将输入字符串中的辅音字母替换为-

  • 在第二个循环中只迭代辅音(相对于迭代字符串中的所有字母)。
  • 在不调用函数的情况下对字符串进行替换。

代码:(Demo)

$string="developer";
$consonants=[];
$length=strlen($string);
for($offset=0; $offset<$length; ++$offset){  // iterate each letter of the string           ... OR for($offset=strlen($string); --$offset;){
    if(strpos('aeiou',$string[$offset])===false){  // isolate the consonants
        $consonants[]=$string[$offset];  // store the consonant
        $offsets[]=$offset;  // store the offset (aka indexed position of the consonant in the string)
    }
}
shuffle($consonants);  // shuffle the array of stored consonants

foreach($consonants as $index=>$consonant){  // iterate ONLY the stored consonants
    $string[$offsets[$index]]=$consonant;  // reassign the consonants in their new positions
}

echo $string;  // possible output: revepoled

这里是数组函数与 foreach 循环的混合,用于重新插入打乱的辅音:

$string="developer";
$consonants=array_diff(str_split($string),['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']);  // isolate consonants, preserve offsets as keys
$offsets=array_keys($consonants); // store copy of offsets before shuffling
shuffle($consonants);  // shuffle the array of stored consonants (returned value is re-indexed)

foreach($consonants as $i=>$consonant){
    $string[$offsets[$i]]=$consonant;  // reassign the shuffled consonants at the known consonant positions
}

echo $string;

对于那些认为我没有任何独立想法可提供的人...这是另一种方法,它将实现两个字符串函数调用,然后是一个正则表达式函数调用(这会对速度产生负面影响,但并不可怕)可以写成两行。

代码:(Demo)

$word="developer";

$shuffled_consonants=str_shuffle(str_replace(['a','e','i','o','u'],'',$word));  // generate shuffled string of consonants

// reinsert shuffled consonants at original consonant positions
echo preg_replace_callback(
    '~[^aeiou]~',                                 // match each consonant at original position
    function($m)use($shuffled_consonants){        // pass in the shuffled string
        static $offset=0;                         // init the offset counter
        return $shuffled_consonants[$offset++];   // insert new consonant at original position using post-incrementation
    },
    $word);