Python tkinter：我如何制作一个填充被对象覆盖但轮廓不覆盖的形状？

Question

我正在做一个小作业，其中包括使用尽可能少的对象构建图像。

我已经完成了这个项目，但我不得不使用一个矩形在四个圆圈后面给它一个深灰色阴影，并在同一位置使用另一个矩形只是为了它的轮廓。有没有一种方法可以使它成为一个单一的矩形，同时保留它现在的样子？

长话短说，我希望变量 'rectangle_back' 和 'rectangle_outline' 成为一个矩形，'rectangle_back' 填充被部分覆盖（现在是这样）并且 'rectangle_outline' 轮廓保持在覆盖 'rectangle_back' 的圆圈上方。这可以做到吗？如果是，怎么做？

图片：

代码：

# File: farmer_john_field
# Author: eluzibur / Elijah Cherry
# Purpose: draw <image>, and calculate area of dark section

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
import math

def main():
    root = Tk()
    win = Canvas(root, width = 500, height = 500)
    win.grid()

# point a = 200,200
# point b = 300,200
# point c = 300,300
# point d = 200,300

    # rectangle to fill rear area
    rectangle_back = win.create_rectangle (200,200,  300,300, fill="gray")

    # circles will be placed by top left corner and bottom right corner
    circle_a = win.create_oval (200-50, 200-50,   200+50, 200+50, fill="white")
    #                           a  xtl, a  ytl    a  xbr  a  ybr
    circle_b = win.create_oval (300-50, 200-50,   300+50, 200+50, fill="white")
    #                           b  xtl, b  ytl    b  xbr  b  ybr
    circle_c = win.create_oval (300-50, 300-50,   300+50, 300+50, fill="white")
    #                           c  xtl, c  ytl    c  xbr  c  ybr
    circle_d = win.create_oval (200-50, 300-50,   200+50, 300+50, fill="white")
    #                           d  xtl, d  ytl    d  xbr  d  ybr

    # rectangle outline
    rectangle_outline = win.create_rectangle (200,200,  300,300, outline="gray")

    # texts (labels for points a b c d)
    text_a = win.create_text (200,200, anchor="se", text="A", fill="black")
    text_b = win.create_text (300,200, anchor="sw", text="B", fill="black")
    text_c = win.create_text (300,300, anchor="nw", text="C", fill="black")
    text_d = win.create_text (200,300, anchor="ne", text="D", fill="black")

    # collect length information
    length = float(input("Enter length of one side of the square ABCD: "))
    radius = (length/2)
    dark_area_result = math.pi * math.sqrt(radius)
    print ("Area of shaded region =","{:0.2f}".format(dark_area_result))

main()

Answer 1

简短的回答是 canvas 对象属性（轮廓和填充）不能单独与其他对象重叠。对象的填充和轮廓重叠（模糊）或不重叠。

通常用来管理您的情况的方法是创建一个包含两个矩形的矩形class。

class Rectangle:
    def __init__(self, canvas, x0, y0, x1, y1):
        self.back = canvas.create_rectangle (x0, y0, x1, y1, fill="gray")
        self.outline = canvas.create_rectangle (x0, y0, x1, y1, outline="gray")

...
rectangle = Rectangle(win, 200,200, 300,300)

然后定义一个方法来检查 Rectangle 对象的交集，以确定是否将 outline 属性提升到其他小部件之上。

Python tkinter：我如何制作一个填充被对象覆盖但轮廓不覆盖的形状？

Python tkinter: How do I make a shape that has it's fill covered by objects, but not it's outline?

python

tkinter

tkinter-canvas