在 imagemagick 将肖像照片 (JPG) 转换为 png 文件后，它被侧翻了。如何阻止这种方向的改变？
A portrait photo (JPG) is turned sideway after imagemagick converts it to a png file. How to stop this change of orientation?
原图是这样的：
我使用此命令将其转换为 png：
convert -strip -quiet -limit memory 2072580096 -quality 100 -alpha off -density 165% -scene 1 -colorspace sRGB tmpALcgg3.jpeg output.png
转换后变成这样：
当我在 Pixelmator 中检查文件时，它显示为“1”
这对我来说实际上没有多大意义。
然后我用exiftool从原文件中提取了以下信息
ExifTool Version Number : 10.80
File Name : 5844997216141312-442620002-3d31fc32-9012-489e-88d2-177bf0bd679f (1).jpeg
Directory : /Users/antkong/Downloads
File Size : 3.2 MB
File Modification Date/Time : 2018:03:27 11:19:53+11:00
File Access Date/Time : 2018:03:27 11:52:56+11:00
File Inode Change Date/Time : 2018:03:27 11:20:00+11:00
File Permissions : rw-r--r--
File Type : JPEG
File Type Extension : jpg
MIME Type : image/jpeg
Exif Byte Order : Big-endian (Motorola, MM)
Make : NIKON CORPORATION
Camera Model Name : NIKON D90
Orientation : Rotate 270 CW
X Resolution : 300
Y Resolution : 300
Resolution Unit : inches
Software : Ver.1.00
Modify Date : 2018:03:12 22:23:48
Y Cb Cr Positioning : Co-sited
Exposure Time : 1/30
F Number : 4.5
Exposure Program : Not Defined
ISO : 800
Exif Version : 0221
Date/Time Original : 2018:03:12 22:23:48
Create Date : 2018:03:12 22:23:48
Components Configuration : Y, Cb, Cr, -
Compressed Bits Per Pixel : 2
Exposure Compensation : 0
Max Aperture Value : 4.6
Metering Mode : Multi-segment
Light Source : Unknown
Flash : Auto, Did not fire
Focal Length : 40.0 mm
Maker Note Version : 2.10
Quality : Normal
White Balance : Auto
Focus Mode : Manual
Flash Setting : Normal
Flash Type :
White Balance Fine Tune : 0 0
WB RB Levels : 1.26953125 1.9453125 1 1
Program Shift : 0
Exposure Difference : 0
Compression : JPEG (old-style)
Preview Image Start : 10204
Preview Image Length : 24280
Flash Exposure Compensation : 0
ISO Setting : 800
Image Boundary : 0 0 4288 2848
External Flash Exposure Comp : 0
Flash Exposure Bracket Value : 0.0
Exposure Bracket Value : 0
Crop Hi Speed : Off (4352x2868 cropped to 4352x2868 at pixel 0,0)
Exposure Tuning : 0
Serial Number : 6726314
VR Info Version : 0100
Vibration Reduction : On
VR Mode : Normal
Active D-Lighting : Auto
Picture Control Version : 0100
Picture Control Name : Standard
Picture Control Base : Standard
Picture Control Adjust : Default Settings
Picture Control Quick Adjust : n/a
Brightness : Normal
Hue Adjustment : None
Filter Effect : n/a
Toning Effect : n/a
Toning Saturation : n/a
Time Zone : +01:00
Daylight Savings : No
Date Display Format : D/M/Y
ISO Expansion : Off
ISO Expansion 2 : Off
Lens Type : G VR
Lens : 18-105mm f/3.5-5.6
Flash Mode : Did Not Fire
Shooting Mode : Single-Frame, Auto ISO
Shot Info Version : 0213
Firmware Version : 1.00i
ISO2 : 800
Light Switch : LCD Backlight
AF Area Mode Setting : Auto-area
Center Focus Point : Wide Zone
AF Assist : On
AF Point Illumination : Auto
Focus Point Wrap : No Wrap
AE Lock For MB-D80 : AE/AF Lock
MB-D80 Battery Type : LR6 (AA alkaline)
Beep : On
Grid Display : On
ISO Display : Show ISO Sensitivity
Viewfinder Warning : On
No Memory Card : Release Locked
Screen Tips : On
File Number Sequence : Off
Shooting Info Display : Auto
LCD Illumination : Off
Easy Exposure Comp : Off
Reverse Indicators : + 0 -
Exposure Control Step Size : 1/3 EV
Center Weighted Area Size : 8 mm
Fine Tune Opt Matrix Metering : 0
Fine Tune Opt Center Weighted : 0
Fine Tune Opt Spot Metering : 0
CL Mode Shooting Speed : 3 fps
Exposure Delay Mode : Off
Auto Bracket Set : AE & Flash
Auto Bracket Order : 0,-,+
Func Button : FV Lock
OK Button : Select Center Focus Point
AE Lock Button : AE/AF Lock
Command Dials Reverse Rotation : No
Shutter Release Button AE-L : Off
Metering Time : 6 s
Remote On Duration : 1 min
Self Timer Time : 10 s
Self Timer Shot Count : 1
Playback Monitor Off Time : 10 s
Image Review Time : 4 s
Menu Monitor Off Time : 20 s
Shooting Info Monitor Off Time : 10 s
Flash Shutter Speed : 1/60 s
Internal Flash : TTL
Manual Flash Output : Full
Repeating Flash Output : 1/32
Repeating Flash Count : 10
Repeating Flash Rate : 10 Hz
Flash Warning : On
Commander Internal TTL Comp : 0
Modeling Flash : Off
Auto FP : Off
Commander Group A TTL Comp : 0
Commander Group B TTL Comp : 0
Live View AF : Wide Area
Noise Reduction : Off
WB GRBG Levels : 256 325 498 256
Lens Data Version : 0204
Exit Pupil Position : 102.4 mm
AF Aperture : 4.6
Focus Position : 0x32
Focus Distance : 2.11 m
Lens ID Number : 158
Lens F Stops : 5.33
Min Focal Length : 18.3 mm
Max Focal Length : 106.8 mm
Max Aperture At Min Focal : 3.6
Max Aperture At Max Focal : 5.7
MCU Version : 160
Effective Max Aperture : 4.6
Retouch History : None
Image Data Size : 3298230
Shutter Count : 40069
Flash Info Version : 0103
Flash Source : None
External Flash Firmware : n/a
External Flash Flags : (none)
Flash Commander Mode : Off
Flash Control Mode : Off
Flash Compensation : 0
Flash GN Distance : 0
Flash Color Filter : None
Flash Group A Control Mode : Off
Flash Group B Control Mode : Off
Flash Group C Control Mode : Off
Flash Group A Compensation : 0
Flash Group B Compensation : 0
Flash Group C Compensation : 0
Vari Program : Auto
Multi Exposure Version : 0100
Multi Exposure Mode : Off
Multi Exposure Shots : 0
Multi Exposure Auto Gain : Off
High ISO Noise Reduction : Normal
Power Up Time : 2018:03:12 22:05:11
AF Info 2 Version : 0100
Contrast Detect AF : Off
AF Area Mode : Single Area
Phase Detect AF : Off
Primary AF Point : (none)
AF Points Used : (none)
Contrast Detect AF In Focus : No
File Info Version : 0100
Memory Card Number : 0
Directory Number : 100
File Number : 0153
Retouch Info Version : 0100
User Comment :
Sub Sec Time : 00
Sub Sec Time Original : 00
Sub Sec Time Digitized : 00
Flashpix Version : 0100
Color Space : sRGB
Exif Image Width : 4288
Exif Image Height : 2848
Interoperability Index : R98 - DCF basic file (sRGB)
Interoperability Version : 0100
Sensing Method : One-chip color area
File Source : Digital Camera
Scene Type : Directly photographed
CFA Pattern : [Green,Blue][Red,Green]
Custom Rendered : Normal
Exposure Mode : Auto
Digital Zoom Ratio : 1
Focal Length In 35mm Format : 60 mm
Scene Capture Type : Standard
Gain Control : Low gain up
Contrast : Normal
Saturation : Normal
Sharpness : Normal
Subject Distance Range : Unknown
GPS Version ID : 2.2.0.0
Thumbnail Offset : 34644
Thumbnail Length : 9197
Image Width : 4288
Image Height : 2848
Encoding Process : Baseline DCT, Huffman coding
Bits Per Sample : 8
Color Components : 3
Y Cb Cr Sub Sampling : YCbCr4:2:2 (2 1)
Aperture : 4.5
Auto Focus : Off
Blue Balance : 1.945313
Image Size : 4288x2848
Lens ID : AF-S DX VR Zoom-Nikkor 18-105mm f/3.5-5.6G ED
Lens Spec : 18-105mm f/3.5-5.6 G VR
Megapixels : 12.2
Preview Image : (Binary data 24280 bytes, use -b option to extract)
Red Balance : 1.269531
Scale Factor To 35 mm Equivalent: 1.5
Shutter Speed : 1/30
Create Date : 2018:03:12 22:23:48.00
Date/Time Original : 2018:03:12 22:23:48.00
Modify Date : 2018:03:12 22:23:48.00
Thumbnail Image : (Binary data 9197 bytes, use -b option to extract)
Circle Of Confusion : 0.020 mm
Depth Of Field : 0.50 m (1.89 - 2.39 m)
Field Of View : 32.8 deg (1.24 m)
Focal Length : 40.0 mm (35 mm equivalent: 60.0 mm)
Hyperfocal Distance : 17.75 m
Light Value : 6.2
如上所示，方向设置为 'Rotate 270 CW'，但它并不能真正解释结果。
我想保持方向不变，因为当我在浏览器或 pixelmator 等应用程序中检查时，原始照片的方向是直立的。
我该怎么做？
您的 EXIF 数据显示：
方向：顺时针旋转 270°
因此将 -auto-orient 添加到您的命令行：
convert -strip -quiet -limit memory 2072580096 -auto-orient tmpALcgg3.jpeg -quality 100 -alpha off -density 165% -scene 1 -colorspace sRGB output.png
原图是这样的：
我使用此命令将其转换为 png：
convert -strip -quiet -limit memory 2072580096 -quality 100 -alpha off -density 165% -scene 1 -colorspace sRGB tmpALcgg3.jpeg output.png
转换后变成这样：
当我在 Pixelmator 中检查文件时，它显示为“1”
这对我来说实际上没有多大意义。
然后我用exiftool从原文件中提取了以下信息
ExifTool Version Number : 10.80
File Name : 5844997216141312-442620002-3d31fc32-9012-489e-88d2-177bf0bd679f (1).jpeg
Directory : /Users/antkong/Downloads
File Size : 3.2 MB
File Modification Date/Time : 2018:03:27 11:19:53+11:00
File Access Date/Time : 2018:03:27 11:52:56+11:00
File Inode Change Date/Time : 2018:03:27 11:20:00+11:00
File Permissions : rw-r--r--
File Type : JPEG
File Type Extension : jpg
MIME Type : image/jpeg
Exif Byte Order : Big-endian (Motorola, MM)
Make : NIKON CORPORATION
Camera Model Name : NIKON D90
Orientation : Rotate 270 CW
X Resolution : 300
Y Resolution : 300
Resolution Unit : inches
Software : Ver.1.00
Modify Date : 2018:03:12 22:23:48
Y Cb Cr Positioning : Co-sited
Exposure Time : 1/30
F Number : 4.5
Exposure Program : Not Defined
ISO : 800
Exif Version : 0221
Date/Time Original : 2018:03:12 22:23:48
Create Date : 2018:03:12 22:23:48
Components Configuration : Y, Cb, Cr, -
Compressed Bits Per Pixel : 2
Exposure Compensation : 0
Max Aperture Value : 4.6
Metering Mode : Multi-segment
Light Source : Unknown
Flash : Auto, Did not fire
Focal Length : 40.0 mm
Maker Note Version : 2.10
Quality : Normal
White Balance : Auto
Focus Mode : Manual
Flash Setting : Normal
Flash Type :
White Balance Fine Tune : 0 0
WB RB Levels : 1.26953125 1.9453125 1 1
Program Shift : 0
Exposure Difference : 0
Compression : JPEG (old-style)
Preview Image Start : 10204
Preview Image Length : 24280
Flash Exposure Compensation : 0
ISO Setting : 800
Image Boundary : 0 0 4288 2848
External Flash Exposure Comp : 0
Flash Exposure Bracket Value : 0.0
Exposure Bracket Value : 0
Crop Hi Speed : Off (4352x2868 cropped to 4352x2868 at pixel 0,0)
Exposure Tuning : 0
Serial Number : 6726314
VR Info Version : 0100
Vibration Reduction : On
VR Mode : Normal
Active D-Lighting : Auto
Picture Control Version : 0100
Picture Control Name : Standard
Picture Control Base : Standard
Picture Control Adjust : Default Settings
Picture Control Quick Adjust : n/a
Brightness : Normal
Hue Adjustment : None
Filter Effect : n/a
Toning Effect : n/a
Toning Saturation : n/a
Time Zone : +01:00
Daylight Savings : No
Date Display Format : D/M/Y
ISO Expansion : Off
ISO Expansion 2 : Off
Lens Type : G VR
Lens : 18-105mm f/3.5-5.6
Flash Mode : Did Not Fire
Shooting Mode : Single-Frame, Auto ISO
Shot Info Version : 0213
Firmware Version : 1.00i
ISO2 : 800
Light Switch : LCD Backlight
AF Area Mode Setting : Auto-area
Center Focus Point : Wide Zone
AF Assist : On
AF Point Illumination : Auto
Focus Point Wrap : No Wrap
AE Lock For MB-D80 : AE/AF Lock
MB-D80 Battery Type : LR6 (AA alkaline)
Beep : On
Grid Display : On
ISO Display : Show ISO Sensitivity
Viewfinder Warning : On
No Memory Card : Release Locked
Screen Tips : On
File Number Sequence : Off
Shooting Info Display : Auto
LCD Illumination : Off
Easy Exposure Comp : Off
Reverse Indicators : + 0 -
Exposure Control Step Size : 1/3 EV
Center Weighted Area Size : 8 mm
Fine Tune Opt Matrix Metering : 0
Fine Tune Opt Center Weighted : 0
Fine Tune Opt Spot Metering : 0
CL Mode Shooting Speed : 3 fps
Exposure Delay Mode : Off
Auto Bracket Set : AE & Flash
Auto Bracket Order : 0,-,+
Func Button : FV Lock
OK Button : Select Center Focus Point
AE Lock Button : AE/AF Lock
Command Dials Reverse Rotation : No
Shutter Release Button AE-L : Off
Metering Time : 6 s
Remote On Duration : 1 min
Self Timer Time : 10 s
Self Timer Shot Count : 1
Playback Monitor Off Time : 10 s
Image Review Time : 4 s
Menu Monitor Off Time : 20 s
Shooting Info Monitor Off Time : 10 s
Flash Shutter Speed : 1/60 s
Internal Flash : TTL
Manual Flash Output : Full
Repeating Flash Output : 1/32
Repeating Flash Count : 10
Repeating Flash Rate : 10 Hz
Flash Warning : On
Commander Internal TTL Comp : 0
Modeling Flash : Off
Auto FP : Off
Commander Group A TTL Comp : 0
Commander Group B TTL Comp : 0
Live View AF : Wide Area
Noise Reduction : Off
WB GRBG Levels : 256 325 498 256
Lens Data Version : 0204
Exit Pupil Position : 102.4 mm
AF Aperture : 4.6
Focus Position : 0x32
Focus Distance : 2.11 m
Lens ID Number : 158
Lens F Stops : 5.33
Min Focal Length : 18.3 mm
Max Focal Length : 106.8 mm
Max Aperture At Min Focal : 3.6
Max Aperture At Max Focal : 5.7
MCU Version : 160
Effective Max Aperture : 4.6
Retouch History : None
Image Data Size : 3298230
Shutter Count : 40069
Flash Info Version : 0103
Flash Source : None
External Flash Firmware : n/a
External Flash Flags : (none)
Flash Commander Mode : Off
Flash Control Mode : Off
Flash Compensation : 0
Flash GN Distance : 0
Flash Color Filter : None
Flash Group A Control Mode : Off
Flash Group B Control Mode : Off
Flash Group C Control Mode : Off
Flash Group A Compensation : 0
Flash Group B Compensation : 0
Flash Group C Compensation : 0
Vari Program : Auto
Multi Exposure Version : 0100
Multi Exposure Mode : Off
Multi Exposure Shots : 0
Multi Exposure Auto Gain : Off
High ISO Noise Reduction : Normal
Power Up Time : 2018:03:12 22:05:11
AF Info 2 Version : 0100
Contrast Detect AF : Off
AF Area Mode : Single Area
Phase Detect AF : Off
Primary AF Point : (none)
AF Points Used : (none)
Contrast Detect AF In Focus : No
File Info Version : 0100
Memory Card Number : 0
Directory Number : 100
File Number : 0153
Retouch Info Version : 0100
User Comment :
Sub Sec Time : 00
Sub Sec Time Original : 00
Sub Sec Time Digitized : 00
Flashpix Version : 0100
Color Space : sRGB
Exif Image Width : 4288
Exif Image Height : 2848
Interoperability Index : R98 - DCF basic file (sRGB)
Interoperability Version : 0100
Sensing Method : One-chip color area
File Source : Digital Camera
Scene Type : Directly photographed
CFA Pattern : [Green,Blue][Red,Green]
Custom Rendered : Normal
Exposure Mode : Auto
Digital Zoom Ratio : 1
Focal Length In 35mm Format : 60 mm
Scene Capture Type : Standard
Gain Control : Low gain up
Contrast : Normal
Saturation : Normal
Sharpness : Normal
Subject Distance Range : Unknown
GPS Version ID : 2.2.0.0
Thumbnail Offset : 34644
Thumbnail Length : 9197
Image Width : 4288
Image Height : 2848
Encoding Process : Baseline DCT, Huffman coding
Bits Per Sample : 8
Color Components : 3
Y Cb Cr Sub Sampling : YCbCr4:2:2 (2 1)
Aperture : 4.5
Auto Focus : Off
Blue Balance : 1.945313
Image Size : 4288x2848
Lens ID : AF-S DX VR Zoom-Nikkor 18-105mm f/3.5-5.6G ED
Lens Spec : 18-105mm f/3.5-5.6 G VR
Megapixels : 12.2
Preview Image : (Binary data 24280 bytes, use -b option to extract)
Red Balance : 1.269531
Scale Factor To 35 mm Equivalent: 1.5
Shutter Speed : 1/30
Create Date : 2018:03:12 22:23:48.00
Date/Time Original : 2018:03:12 22:23:48.00
Modify Date : 2018:03:12 22:23:48.00
Thumbnail Image : (Binary data 9197 bytes, use -b option to extract)
Circle Of Confusion : 0.020 mm
Depth Of Field : 0.50 m (1.89 - 2.39 m)
Field Of View : 32.8 deg (1.24 m)
Focal Length : 40.0 mm (35 mm equivalent: 60.0 mm)
Hyperfocal Distance : 17.75 m
Light Value : 6.2
如上所示，方向设置为 'Rotate 270 CW'，但它并不能真正解释结果。
我想保持方向不变，因为当我在浏览器或 pixelmator 等应用程序中检查时，原始照片的方向是直立的。
我该怎么做？
您的 EXIF 数据显示：
方向：顺时针旋转 270°
因此将 -auto-orient 添加到您的命令行：
convert -strip -quiet -limit memory 2072580096 -auto-orient tmpALcgg3.jpeg -quality 100 -alpha off -density 165% -scene 1 -colorspace sRGB output.png