PHP preg_split() - 不要在 ' ' 之间分隔空格

Question

我有这个字符串：

$string = "My name is Emma and i have a dillemma, what's the distance between 'New York' and 'Athene' ?";

我将此字符串拆分为 space 和一些运算符（=、<、>、!=、>=、<=、<>），使用此代码：

$split = preg_split('/\s+|(,|[<>!]?=|<>?|>)/', $string, null, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE | PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);

现在拆分的结果是这个数组：

Array
(
    [0] => My
    [1] => name
    [2] => is
    [3] => Emma
    [4] => and
    [5] => i
    [6] => have
    [7] => a
    [8] => dillemma
    [9] => ,
    [10] => what's
    [11] => the
    [12] => distance
    [13] => between
    [14] => 'New
    [15] => York'
    [16] => and
    [17] => 'Athene'
    [18] => ?
)

现在我遇到的唯一问题是我希望 '' 之间的白色 space 不被分割，而是在分割后删除 ''，在上面的这个例子中你可以看到 'New York' 拆分为：

[14] => 'New
[15] => York'

我想要的结果是：

[14] => New York

还有 'Athene'，我希望它是：

[16] => Athene

所以基本上上面的数组应该是这样的：

Array
(
    [0] => My
    [1] => name
    [2] => is
    [3] => Emma
    [4] => and
    [5] => i
    [6] => have
    [7] => a
    [8] => dillemma
    [9] => ,
    [10] => what's
    [11] => the
    [12] => distance
    [13] => between
    [14] => New York
    [15] => and
    [16] => Athena
    [17] => ?
)

是的，这两个城市之间的距离是 4,925 英里或 7925 公里 :D

谢谢！ :D

Answer 1

正则表达式

(?:\'([^\']*[\'s]?)\'|\"([^\"]*)\")|[^\s,<>=!]+|(?:,|[<>!]?=|<>?|>)

您可以在此处查看匹配项：https://regex101.com/r/LkHnHt/3

PHP代码

$text = "My name is Emma and i have a dillemma, what's the distance between 'New York' and 'Athene' ?";
preg_match_all('/(?:\'([^\']*[\'s]?)\'|\"([^\"]*)\")|[^\s,<>=!]+|(?:,|[<>!]?=|<>?|>)/', $text, $matches);
foreach (array_filter($matches[1]) as $k => $v)
    $matches[0][$k] = $v;

结果

Array
(
    [0] => My
    [1] => name
    [2] => is
    [3] => Emma
    [4] => and
    [5] => i
    [6] => have
    [7] => a
    [8] => dillemma
    [9] => ,
    [10] => what's
    [11] => the
    [12] => distance
    [13] => between
    [14] => New York pop
    [15] => and
    [16] => Athene
    [17] => ?
)

Array
(
    [0] => age
    [1] => <
    [2] => 21
    [3] => ,
    [4] => length
    [5] => >
    [6] => 10
    [7] => ,
    [8] => height
    [9] => <>
    [10] => 10
    [11] => ,
    [12] => width
    [13] => !=
    [14] => 100
    [15] => ,
    [16] => name
    [17] => =
    [18] => Emma Einarsson
    [19] => or
    [20] => it
    [21] => can
    [22] => be
    [23] => words
    [24] => time
    [25] => >=
    [26] => 10
    [27] => ,
    [28] => clouds
    [29] => <=
    [30] => 4
)

注意，所有捕获的数据都保存在数组$matches[0]

中

Answer 2

如果我理解问题要求（在阅读问题和许多评论之后），唯一棘手的一点是保留单引号子字符串。

您想隔离：

单引号包裹的子字符串可能包含空格。
可能包含撇号（单引号）的词
数字
五个特定运算符：<、>!,=,?`

模式：~\B'\K(?:[^']+)|\b[a-z']+\b|\d+|[<>!=?]+~i

带有测试电池的代码（Demo）

$strings = [
    "age<21,length>10,height<>10,width!=100,name='Emma Einarsson' or it can be words time>=10,clouds<=4",
    "age < 21, length > 10, height <> 10, width != 100, name = 'Emma Einarsson' or it can be words time >= 10, clouds <= 4",
    "My name is Emma and i have a dillemma, what's the distance between 'New York' and 'Athene' ?",
    "'New York' and London at the start and end  with Paris and 'Los Angeles'"
];

foreach ($strings as $string) {
    var_export(preg_match_all("~\B'\K(?:[^']+)|\b[a-z']+\b|\d+|[<>!=?]+~i", $string, $out) ? $out[0] : 'fail');
    echo "\n";
}

Pattern Demo

模式分解：

~                 #start of pattern delimiter
\B'\K(?:[^']+)    #match a single-quote not preceded by [a-zA-Z0-9_], then restart the fullstring match using (\K), then match one or more non-single quote characters
|                 #OR
\b[a-z']+\b       #match one or more letters and apostrophes 
|                 #OR
\d+               #match one or more digits
|                 #OR
[<>!=?]+          #match one or more of your listed operators/symbols
~                 #end of pattern delimiter
i                 #pattern modifier - make whole pattern case-insensitive

根据您的示例输入字符串，从技术上讲，您可以从我的模式中删除两个 \b（单词边界标记）以提高模式效率，但我将它们保留在最准确的位置。

PHP preg_split() - 不要在 ' ' 之间分隔空格

PHP preg_split() - don't split spaces between ' '

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