如何从 C# 调用带有结构指针参数的 C++ 函数?

How to call a C++ function with a struct pointer parameter from C#?

好的,还有一个功能还不能用。我基本上是通过使用 P/Invoke 从 C# 调用一些 C++ 函数。有问题的功能确实会查询显示激光设备以获取一些设备相关信息,例如最小和最大扫描速率以及每秒最大点数。

有问题的函数是:

int GetDeviceInfo(DWORD deviceIndex, DeviceInfo* pDeviceInfo);

这是给我的 C++ 头文件。 That's a link to the very brief C++ SDK description。我没有重建 DLL 文件的源代码,也没有 *.pdb 文件(制造商无法提供):

#pragma once

#ifdef STCL_DEVICES_DLL
#define STCL_DEVICES_EXPORT extern "C" _declspec(dllexport) 
#else
#define STCL_DEVICES_EXPORT extern "C" _declspec(dllimport)
#endif

enum SD_ERR
{
    SD_ERR_OK = 0,
    SD_ERR_FAIL,
    SD_ERR_DLL_NOT_OPEN,
    SD_ERR_INVALID_DEVICE,  //device with such index doesn't exist
    SD_ERR_FRAME_NOT_SENT,
};

#pragma pack (1)
struct LaserPoint
{
    WORD x;
    WORD y;
    byte colors[6];
};

struct DeviceInfo
{
    DWORD maxScanrate;
    DWORD minScanrate;
    DWORD maxNumOfPoints;
    char type[32];
};

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///Must be called when starting to use
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
STCL_DEVICES_EXPORT int OpenDll();

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///All devices will be closed and all resources deleted
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
STCL_DEVICES_EXPORT void CloseDll();

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///Search for .NET devices (Moncha.NET now)
///Must be called after OpenDll, but before CreateDeviceList!
///In pNumOfFoundDevs can return number of found devices (optional)
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
STCL_DEVICES_EXPORT int SearchForNETDevices(DWORD* pNumOfFoundDevs);

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///Creates new list of devices - previous devices will be closed
///pDeviceCount returns device count
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
STCL_DEVICES_EXPORT int CreateDeviceList(DWORD* pDeviceCount);

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///Returns unique device name
///deviceIndex is zero based device index
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
STCL_DEVICES_EXPORT int GetDeviceIdentifier(DWORD deviceIndex, WCHAR** ppDeviceName);

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///Send frame to device, frame is in following format:
///WORD x
///WORD y
///byte colors[6]
///so it's 10B point (=> dataSize must be numOfPoints * 10)
///scanrate is in Points Per Second (pps)
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
STCL_DEVICES_EXPORT int SendFrame(DWORD deviceIndex, byte* pData, DWORD numOfPoints, DWORD scanrate);

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///Returns true in pCanSend if device is ready to send next frame
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
STCL_DEVICES_EXPORT int CanSendNextFrame(DWORD deviceIndex, bool* pCanSend);

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///Send DMX if device supports it - pDMX must be (!!!) 512B long
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
STCL_DEVICES_EXPORT int SendDMX(DWORD deviceIndex, byte* pDMX);

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///Send blank point to position x, y
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
STCL_DEVICES_EXPORT int SendBlank(DWORD deviceIndex, WORD x, WORD y);

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///Get device info
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
STCL_DEVICES_EXPORT int GetDeviceInfo(DWORD deviceIndex, DeviceInfo* pDeviceInfo);

这是我目前使用的完整C#测试代码。除了 GetDeviceInfo(...):

之外,所有功能都可以正常工作
using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace MonchaTestSDK {

    public class Program {

        [DllImport("..\..\dll\StclDevices.dll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]                                    // OK
        public static extern int OpenDll();
        [DllImport("..\..\dll\StclDevices.dll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]                                    // OK
        public static extern void CloseDll();
        [DllImport("..\..\dll\StclDevices.dll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]                                    // OK
        public static extern int SearchForNETDevices(ref UInt32 pNumOfFoundDevs);
        [DllImport("..\..\dll\StclDevices.dll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]                                    // OK
        public static extern int CreateDeviceList(ref UInt32 pDeviceCount);
        [DllImport("..\..\dll\StclDevices.dll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]                                    // OK
        public static extern int GetDeviceIdentifier(UInt32 deviceIndex, out IntPtr ppDeviceName);
        [DllImport("..\..\dll\StclDevices.dll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]                                    // OK
        public static extern int SendFrame(UInt32 deviceIndex, LaserPoint[] pData, UInt32 numOfPoints, UInt32 scanrate);
        [DllImport("..\..\dll\StclDevices.dll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]                                    // OK
        public static extern int CanSendNextFrame(UInt32 deviceIndex, ref bool pCanSend);
        [DllImport("..\..\dll\StclDevices.dll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]                                    // OK
        public static extern int SendBlank(UInt32 deviceIndex, UInt16 x, UInt16 y);
        [DllImport("..\..\dll\StclDevices.dll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]                                    // FAILS
        public static extern int GetDeviceInfo(UInt32 deviceIndex, ref DeviceInfo pDeviceInfo);

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack=1)]
        public struct LaserPoint {
            public UInt16 x;
            public UInt16 y;
            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 6)]
            public byte[] colors;
        }

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet=CharSet.Ansi)]
        public struct DeviceInfo {
            public UInt32 maxScanrate;
            public UInt32 minScanrate;
            public UInt32 maxNumOfPoints;
            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 32)]
            public string deviceType;
        }

        public static void Main(string[] args) {
            Console.WriteLine("Moncha SDK\n");

            OpenDll();
            Console.WriteLine("StclDevices.dll is open.");

            UInt32 deviceCount1 = 0;
            int r1 = SearchForNETDevices(ref deviceCount1);
            Console.WriteLine("SearchForNETDevices() [" + r1+"]: "+deviceCount1);

            UInt32 deviceCount2 = 0;
            int r2 = CreateDeviceList(ref deviceCount2);
            Console.WriteLine("CreateDeviceList() ["+r2+"]: "+deviceCount2);

            IntPtr pString;
            int r3 = GetDeviceIdentifier(0, out pString);
            string devname = Marshal.PtrToStringUni(pString);
            Console.WriteLine("GetDeviceIdentifier() ["+r3+"]: "+devname);

            DeviceInfo pDevInfo = new DeviceInfo();
            pDevInfo.type = "";
            int r4 = GetDeviceInfo(0, ref pDevInfo);
            Console.WriteLine("GetDeviceInfo() ["+r4+"]: ");
            Console.WriteLine("  - min: "+pDevInfo.minScanrate);
            Console.WriteLine("  - max: " + pDevInfo.maxScanrate);
            Console.WriteLine("  - points: " + pDevInfo.maxNumOfPoints);
            Console.WriteLine("  - type: " + pDevInfo.deviceType);

            Thread.Sleep(5000);
            CloseDll();
        }

    }
}

第73行第64行(cp. screenshot):

int r4 = GetDeviceInfo(0, ref pDevInfo); 

我收到以下错误:

An unhandled exception of type 'System.NullReferenceException' occured in MonchaTestSDK.exe
Additional information: Object reference not set to an instance of an object

这是堆栈跟踪(我猜如果没有 DLL 的 *.pdb 文件就无法提供更好的堆栈跟踪):

MonchaTestSDK.exe!MonchaTestSDK.Program.Main(string[] args) Line 73 + 0xa bytes C# mscoreei.dll!73a8d91b()
[Frames below may be incorrect and/or missing, no symbols loaded for mscoreei.dll]
mscoree.dll!73cae879()
mscoree.dll!73cb4df8()
kernel32.dll!74a08654()
ntdll.dll!77354b17()
ntdll.dll!77354ae7()

部分反汇编:

            int r4 = GetDeviceInfo(0, ref pDevInfo);
05210749  int         3  
0521074A  push        ebp  
0521074B  cwde  
0521074C  xor         ecx,ecx  
0521074E  call        0521011C  
05210753  int         3  
05210754  test        dword ptr [eax-1],edx  
05210757  ?? ?? 
05210758  dec         dword ptr [ebx-0AF7Bh]  
0521075E  dec         dword ptr [ecx-6F466BBBh]

知道我做错了什么吗?


更新 1:建议的调试选项:

按照评论中的建议,我尝试启用native/unmanaged代码调试:

  1. Debug > Windows > Exceptions Settings > "Win32 Exceptions" checkbox ticked

  2. Project > Properties > Debug tab > "Enable unmanaged code debugging" checkbox ticked

我仍然没有得到任何有意义的异常堆栈。制造商无法向我提供 DLL 的 *.pdb 文件。

这是一张显示调试器在有问题的行停止时的图像(还显示了调试设置):


更新 2:所需代码最少(cp. mpromonet 的评论)

这是能够调用 GetDeviceInfo(...):

所需的最少代码
public static void Main(string[] args) {
    OpenDll();
    UInt32 deviceCount = 0;
    CreateDeviceList(ref deviceCount);
    DeviceInfo pDevInfo = new DeviceInfo();
    GetDeviceInfo(0, ref pDevInfo);            // error occurs on this line
    CloseDll();
}

这会导致与之前完全相同的错误:

An unhandled exception of type 'System.NullReferenceException' occured in MonchaTestSDK.exe
Additional information: Object reference not set to an instance of an object

从上面的代码中删除调用 GetDeviceInfo(0, ref pDevInfo); 可使程序无任何错误地退出。


更新 3:从 DeviceInfo 结构中完全删除 char[] deviceType

我从结构定义中删除了 char[] deviceType

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Ansi, Pack = 1)]
public struct DeviceInfo {
    public UInt32 maxScanrate;
    public UInt32 minScanrate;
    public UInt32 maxNumOfPoints;
    //[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 32)]
    //public string deviceType;
}

当我现在 运行 我的 C# 测试代码时,我成功地收到了从 C++ DLL 返回的 maxScanrateminScanratemaxNumOfPoints。这是相应的控制台输出:

GetDeviceInfo() [0]:
   - min: 1000
   - max: 40000
   - points: 3000

最后出现以下错误信息:

Exception thrown at 0x67623A68 (clr.dll) in MonchaTestSDK.exe: 0xC0000005: Access violation reading location 0x00000000.


最终更新

我终于从制造商那里得到了更新的 DLL。 SDK 中确实存在导致堆栈损坏的错误。所以基本上以下解决方案现在可以正常工作,没有任何问题:

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Ansi, Pack = 1)]
public struct DeviceInfo {

    public UInt32 maxScanrate;
    public UInt32 minScanrate;
    public UInt32 maxNumOfPoints;

    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 32)]
    public string deviceType;

}

private void queryDeviceProperties(UInt32 index) {
    HwDeviceInfo pDevInfo = new HwDeviceInfo();
    int code = GetDeviceInfo(index, ref pDevInfo);
    if(code==0) {
        Console.WriteLine(pDevInfo.minScanrate);
        Console.WriteLine(pDevInfo.maxScanrate);
        Console.WriteLine(pDevInfo.maxNumOfPoints);
        Console.WriteLine(pDevInfo.type);
    } else {
        Console.WriteLine("Error Code: "+code);
    }
}

感谢大家的大力支持!

正确的咒语是

string UnpackFixed(byte[] data, System.Text.Encoding encoding)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < data.Length; ++i)
        if(data[i] == (byte)0)
            break;
    return encoding.GetString(data, i);
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Ansi)]
struct DeviceInfo
{
    uint32 maxScanrate;
    uint32 minScanrate;
    uint32 maxNumOfPoints;
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 32)]
    byte type[];
};

DeviceInfo pDevInfo = new DeviceInfo();
pDevInfo.type = new byte[32];
int r4 = GetDeviceInfo(0, ref pDevInfo);
Console.WriteLine("  - type: " + UnpackFixed(pDevInfo.type));

我确定有一种方法可以用 string 做到这一点,但所有旧的明显方法往往会将字符串传递给本机代码并且什么也得不到。在这里,练习是获取一个固定长度的字节字符串。如果你确实为字符串解决了它,你最终会使用 System.Text.Encoding.Default 这可能是正确的,也可能是不正确的,并且没有办法覆盖它。

System.Text.Encoding.ASCII 似乎是错误的,在这种情况下你需要处理编码。 System.Text.Encoding.Default 可能在 ASCII 不起作用的地方起作用,在这种情况下,您应该考虑多字节字符编码是否存在奇怪的故障模式。目前尚不清楚设备是否始终使用与 OS 相同的编码,或者它是否采用固定编码(在这种情况下,您应该指定编码)。

我认为 DeviceInfo 中的 public string type 有问题。如果您需要将 string 传递给本机部分,那很好,但我知道您从本机部分(由其分配)获得 char*,在这种情况下,您正在丢失 type 的地址,该地址被管理(并且无法得知)。

正确的做法是:

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet=CharSet.Ansi)]
public struct DeviceInfo {
    public UInt32 maxScanrate;
    public UInt32 minScanrate;
    public UInt32 maxNumOfPoints;
    public IntPtr type; // HERE: char*
}

然后在托管部分处理type,比如这样:

unsafe void GetType(IntPtr strPtr) => return new string((char*)strPtr);

如果本机部分不进行分配,您将需要使用 Marshal.AllocHGlobal

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 32)] 声明该字段存储一个 char[32] 数组,如 header 中一样,即 space 用于 31 个字符和一个空终止符。

将其编组为字符串应该不是问题,dll 写入数组的任何内容都不会导致 NullReferenceException.

我可以使用您的 C# 代码编译一个存根 dll,它可以很好地加载并且可以发回 ANSI 字符串,添加 typedef byte... 和一个存根方法 body 例如:

int GetDeviceInfo(DWORD deviceIndex, DeviceInfo* pDeviceInfo)
{
    std::string testString = "test string thats quite loooooooong"; 
    pDeviceInfo->maxScanrate = 1234;
    pDeviceInfo->minScanrate = 12345;
    pDeviceInfo->maxNumOfPoints = 100 + deviceIndex;
    sprintf_s(pDeviceInfo->type, "%.31s", testString.c_str());
    return 0;
}

这对我适用于 VS2017 C++ 和 .Net 4.6.1。

如果将 C# 声明更改为:

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)]
    public struct DeviceInfo
    {
        public UInt32 maxScanrate;
        public UInt32 minScanrate;
        public UInt32 maxNumOfPoints;
        public UInt64 deviceTypePart1;
        public UInt64 deviceTypePart2;
        public UInt64 deviceTypePart3;
        public UInt64 deviceTypePart4;

        public string GetDeviceType()
        {
            if (Marshal.SizeOf(this) != 44) throw new InvalidOperationException();
            List<byte> bytes = new List<byte>();
            bytes.AddRange(BitConverter.GetBytes(deviceTypePart1));
            bytes.AddRange(BitConverter.GetBytes(deviceTypePart2));
            bytes.AddRange(BitConverter.GetBytes(deviceTypePart3));
            bytes.AddRange(BitConverter.GetBytes(deviceTypePart4));
            return Encoding.GetEncoding(1252).GetString(bytes.ToArray());
        }
    }

[编辑]

我不知道为什么手动启动封送处理可以解决这个问题 - 请务必 'load test' 以防 heap/stack 腐败错误仍然潜伏。

在您的旧代码中,Marshal.SizeOf return 不是 44 吗?