为什么 `void* = 0` 和 `void* = nullptr` 有区别？

Question

我在玩 SFINAE 时发现了我无法解释的行为。

template<typename Integer,
         std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<Integer>::value>* = nullptr>
void foo(Integer) {}

template<typename Floating,
         std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<Floating>::value>* = nullptr>
void foo(Floating) {}

虽然这个（nullptr 替换为 0）：

template<typename Integer,
         std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<Integer>::value>* = 0>
void foo(Integer) {}

template<typename Floating,
         std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<Floating>::value>* = 0>
void foo(Floating) {}

gives me a compile error:

prog.cpp: In function ‘int main()’: prog.cpp:13:10: error: no matching function for call to ‘foo(int)’
     foo(3);
          ^ prog.cpp:5:6: note: candidate: template<class Integer, std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<_Tp>::value>* <anonymous> > void foo(Integer)  void foo(Integer) {}
      ^~~ prog.cpp:5:6: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed: prog.cpp:4:64: error: could not convert template argument ‘0’ to ‘std::enable_if_t<true, void>* {aka void*}’
          std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<Integer>::value>* = 0>
                                                                ^ prog.cpp:9:6: note: candidate: template<class Floating, std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<_Tp>::value>* <anonymous> > void foo(Floating)  void foo(Floating) {}
      ^~~ prog.cpp:9:6: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed: prog.cpp:8:71: note: invalid template non-type parameter
          std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<Floating>::value>* = 0>
                                                                       ^

当没有替换失败时，

enable_if_t 扩展为 void，因此我将在模板参数列表中包含类似 void* = 0 的内容。为什么它会破坏编译？..

Answer 1

默认模板参数遵循自己的转换规则，这些规则更严格。不应用 0 到指针类型的转换。

参见[temp.arg.nontype]/5.2（强调我的）：

for a non-type template-parameter of type pointer to object, qualification conversions ([conv.qual]) and the array-to-pointer conversion ([conv.array]) are applied; if the template-argument is of type std::nullptr_t, the null pointer conversion ([conv.ptr]) is applied.

[ Note: In particular, neither the null pointer conversion for a zero-valued integral constant expression ([conv.ptr]) nor the derived-to-base conversion ([conv.ptr]) are applied. Although 0 is a valid template-argument for a non-type template-parameter of integral type, it is not a valid template-argument for a non-type template-parameter of pointer type. However, both (int*)0 and nullptr are valid template-arguments for a non-type template-parameter of type “pointer to int.” — end note ]

为什么 `void* = 0` 和 `void* = nullptr` 有区别？

Why `void* = 0` and `void* = nullptr` makes the difference?

c++

templates

void-pointers

nullptr

language-lawyer