在 Python 2.7 中使用 Selenium 选择按钮
Selecting button using Selenium in Python 2.7
我最近抓取的一个网站更改了我使用的按钮 ID。出于某种原因,我找不到新元素。我已经阅读了多个站点(包括 Stack Overflow)以选择一个按钮,但我尝试的任何方法都不起作用。我几乎是 Selenium 的新手。这是 HTML 摘录:
<div class="info">
<h4 class="store-number">
Store Number: {{=storeId}}
</h4>
{{ if (closeForEcommerce == 0 ) { }}
<button id="store-search-modal-make-this-my-store-{{=storeId}}" class="btn btn-make-this-my-store btn-block btn-primary-2 {{ if (ResultDisplayHelper.isMyStore(storeId)) { print("hidden"); } }}"
onclick="ResultDisplayHelper.setMyStoreMarker({{=storeId}});ResultDisplayHelper.setMyStore('store-search-modal-abc-store-card-info-', 'store-search-modal-make-this-my-store-', 'store-search-modal-my-store-', {{=storeId}})">
Make This My Store
</button>
{{ } }}
{{ if (closeForEcommerce != 0 ) { }}
<button id="btnStoreCloseForEcommerce" class="btn btn-store-temporarily-closed btn-block btn-primary-2 {{ if (ResultDisplayHelper.isMyStore(storeId)) { print("hidden"); } }}"
onclick="">
Store Temporarily Closed
</button>
{{ } }}
<a id="store-search-modal-my-store-{{=storeId}}" href="{{=clickUri}}" class="CoveoResultLink my-store btn btn-gray-300 btn-block {{ if (!ResultDisplayHelper.isMyStore(storeId)) { print("hidden"); } }}">
My Store
</a>
<a class="CoveoResultLink" href="{{=clickUri}}">Visit Store Page</a>
<div class="location">
{{ if (dist != null) { }}
<div><strong>Miles</strong>: {{=ResultDisplayHelper.metersToMiles(dist)}}</div>
{{ } }}
<address>
{{ if (shoppingcenter) { }}
{{=shoppingcenter}}<br/>
{{ } }}
{{=address1}}
{{ if (address2) { }}<br />{{=address2}} {{ } }}
<br />
{{=city}}, {{=state}} {{=zip}}
</address>
</div>
我试过了
button_id = 'store-search-modal-make-this-my-store-'+shop
make_my_store = driver.find_element_by_id(button_id)
和
make_my_store = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//button[contains(text(),'Make
This My Store')]")
结果:
NoSuchElementException: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"id","selector":"store-search-modal-make-this-my-store-231"}
(Session info: headless chrome=67.0.3396.99)
(Driver info: chromedriver=2.33.506120 (e3e53437346286c0bc2d2dc9aa4915ba81d9023f),platform=Windows NT 10.0.17134 x86_64)
和
NoSuchElementException: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"css selector","selector":"button[onclick^=ResultDisplayHelper]"}
(Session info: headless chrome=67.0.3396.99)
(Driver info: chromedriver=2.33.506120 (e3e53437346286c0bc2d2dc9aa4915ba81d9023f),platform=Windows NT 10.0.17134 x86_64)
我错过了什么?
更新:感谢到目前为止的建议。不幸的是,当我尝试多种变体时,由于找不到对象,我不断收到超时错误。我抓取了 driver.page 来源并查看:
<button id="make-this-my-store" class="btn btn-block btn-primary-2"
ng-show="model.store.storeId !== model.abcCartService.cart.pickupStore.storeId &&
model.store.closeForEcommerce !== 'True'" ng-click="model.makeMyStore();">
Make This My Store
</button>
我尝试使用 XPATH 寻找 "Make This My Store",使用 "make-this-my-store" 作为按钮 ID,使用 "btn btn-block btn-primary-2" 作为 CSS class。都给出对象未找到的错误。
您可以尝试使用此 xpath 并且可以使用 explicit 等待:
点击 将此设为我的商店 按钮:
wait = WebDriverWait(driver,20)
make_this_my_store = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, '//button[contains(text(),'Make This My Store')]')))
make_this_my_store.click()
点击 商店暂时关闭 按钮:
store_temporarily_closed= wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, '//button[contains(text(),'Store Temporarily Closed')]')))
store_temporarily_closed.click()
确保导入这些:
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
解释:
显式等待是您定义的代码,用于等待特定条件发生,然后再继续执行代码。最坏的情况是 Thread.sleep(),它将条件设置为等待的确切时间段。提供了一些方便的方法,可帮助您编写仅在需要时等待的代码。 WebDriverWait 结合 ExpectedCondition 是实现此目的的一种方式。
更多关于显式等待,可以找到here
正如你所说
//button[contains(text(),'Make This My Store')]
不工作。
以防万一,如果您想使用 css 选择器 :
那就是:
h4.store-number+button[class*='btn btn-make-this-my-store btn-block btn-primary-2'][id*='store-search-modal-make-this-my-store']
在 code 中类似:(点击 将此设为我的商店)
make_this_my_store = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'h4.store-number+button[class*='btn btn-make-this-my-store btn-block btn-primary-2'][id*='store-search-modal-make-this-my-store']')))
make_this_my_store.click()
点击商店暂时关闭按钮:
store_temporarily_closed = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'button[class*='btn btn-store-temporarily-closed btn-block btn-primary-2'][id='btnStoreCloseForEcommerce']')))
store_temporarily_closed.click()
请注意,与 xpath.
相比,css 选择器 总是好的
有关 xpath 与 css 选择器的更多信息,请参见 here
希望此信息helpful.Thanks !
您在测试中使用等待吗?
您的 xpath 变体必须有效。
尝试显式等待:
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 5)
make_my_store = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//button[contains(text(),'Make This My Store')]")))
make_my_store.click()
除非它在 5 秒内找到 return 的元素,否则在抛出 TimeoutException 之前最多等待 5 秒。默认情况下,WebDriverWait 每 500 毫秒调用一次 ExpectedCondition,直到 return 成功。成功的 return 对于 ExpectedCondition 类型是 Boolean return true or not null return value for all other ExpectedCondition types.
尝试使用以下 xpath:
button = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//button[@id='store-search-modal-make-this-my-store-{{=storeId}}']")
button.click()
现在,如果这不起作用,驱动程序可能需要等待几秒钟才能查找元素。在这种情况下,我建议使用显式等待。可以在此处找到有关显式等待的更多信息 = http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/waits.html。
您可以按如下方式包括显式等待:
xpath = "//button[@id='store-search-modal-make-this-my-store-{{=storeId}}']"
button = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, xpath))).click()
这意味着驱动程序将等待长达 10 秒的时间让元素出现并可点击。如果驱动程序找不到该元素,它将抛出 TimeoutException。您可以使用 try/except 块来处理 TimeOutException。例如:
try:
xpath = "//button[@id='store-search-modal-make-this-my-store-{{=storeId}}']"
button = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, xpath))).click()
except TimeoutException:
print("Button not found!")
您需要导入以下内容:
import selenium.webdriver as webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
希望对您有所帮助!
根据 HTML 您已将元素与文本共享为 将此设为我的商店 是 Angular 元素,因此要在所需元素上调用 click()
,您必须引入 WebDriverWait 以使 元素可点击 并且您可以使用以下解决方案:
WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "button.btn.btn-make-this-my-store.btn-block.btn-primary-2[id^=store-search-modal-make-this-my-store-]"))).click()
注意:您必须添加以下导入:
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
我最近抓取的一个网站更改了我使用的按钮 ID。出于某种原因,我找不到新元素。我已经阅读了多个站点(包括 Stack Overflow)以选择一个按钮,但我尝试的任何方法都不起作用。我几乎是 Selenium 的新手。这是 HTML 摘录:
<div class="info">
<h4 class="store-number">
Store Number: {{=storeId}}
</h4>
{{ if (closeForEcommerce == 0 ) { }}
<button id="store-search-modal-make-this-my-store-{{=storeId}}" class="btn btn-make-this-my-store btn-block btn-primary-2 {{ if (ResultDisplayHelper.isMyStore(storeId)) { print("hidden"); } }}"
onclick="ResultDisplayHelper.setMyStoreMarker({{=storeId}});ResultDisplayHelper.setMyStore('store-search-modal-abc-store-card-info-', 'store-search-modal-make-this-my-store-', 'store-search-modal-my-store-', {{=storeId}})">
Make This My Store
</button>
{{ } }}
{{ if (closeForEcommerce != 0 ) { }}
<button id="btnStoreCloseForEcommerce" class="btn btn-store-temporarily-closed btn-block btn-primary-2 {{ if (ResultDisplayHelper.isMyStore(storeId)) { print("hidden"); } }}"
onclick="">
Store Temporarily Closed
</button>
{{ } }}
<a id="store-search-modal-my-store-{{=storeId}}" href="{{=clickUri}}" class="CoveoResultLink my-store btn btn-gray-300 btn-block {{ if (!ResultDisplayHelper.isMyStore(storeId)) { print("hidden"); } }}">
My Store
</a>
<a class="CoveoResultLink" href="{{=clickUri}}">Visit Store Page</a>
<div class="location">
{{ if (dist != null) { }}
<div><strong>Miles</strong>: {{=ResultDisplayHelper.metersToMiles(dist)}}</div>
{{ } }}
<address>
{{ if (shoppingcenter) { }}
{{=shoppingcenter}}<br/>
{{ } }}
{{=address1}}
{{ if (address2) { }}<br />{{=address2}} {{ } }}
<br />
{{=city}}, {{=state}} {{=zip}}
</address>
</div>
我试过了
button_id = 'store-search-modal-make-this-my-store-'+shop
make_my_store = driver.find_element_by_id(button_id)
和
make_my_store = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//button[contains(text(),'Make
This My Store')]")
结果:
NoSuchElementException: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"id","selector":"store-search-modal-make-this-my-store-231"}
(Session info: headless chrome=67.0.3396.99)
(Driver info: chromedriver=2.33.506120 (e3e53437346286c0bc2d2dc9aa4915ba81d9023f),platform=Windows NT 10.0.17134 x86_64)
和
NoSuchElementException: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"css selector","selector":"button[onclick^=ResultDisplayHelper]"}
(Session info: headless chrome=67.0.3396.99)
(Driver info: chromedriver=2.33.506120 (e3e53437346286c0bc2d2dc9aa4915ba81d9023f),platform=Windows NT 10.0.17134 x86_64)
我错过了什么?
更新:感谢到目前为止的建议。不幸的是,当我尝试多种变体时,由于找不到对象,我不断收到超时错误。我抓取了 driver.page 来源并查看:
<button id="make-this-my-store" class="btn btn-block btn-primary-2"
ng-show="model.store.storeId !== model.abcCartService.cart.pickupStore.storeId &&
model.store.closeForEcommerce !== 'True'" ng-click="model.makeMyStore();">
Make This My Store
</button>
我尝试使用 XPATH 寻找 "Make This My Store",使用 "make-this-my-store" 作为按钮 ID,使用 "btn btn-block btn-primary-2" 作为 CSS class。都给出对象未找到的错误。
您可以尝试使用此 xpath 并且可以使用 explicit 等待:
点击 将此设为我的商店 按钮:
wait = WebDriverWait(driver,20)
make_this_my_store = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, '//button[contains(text(),'Make This My Store')]')))
make_this_my_store.click()
点击 商店暂时关闭 按钮:
store_temporarily_closed= wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, '//button[contains(text(),'Store Temporarily Closed')]')))
store_temporarily_closed.click()
确保导入这些:
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
解释:
显式等待是您定义的代码,用于等待特定条件发生,然后再继续执行代码。最坏的情况是 Thread.sleep(),它将条件设置为等待的确切时间段。提供了一些方便的方法,可帮助您编写仅在需要时等待的代码。 WebDriverWait 结合 ExpectedCondition 是实现此目的的一种方式。
更多关于显式等待,可以找到here
正如你所说
//button[contains(text(),'Make This My Store')]
不工作。
以防万一,如果您想使用 css 选择器 :
那就是:
h4.store-number+button[class*='btn btn-make-this-my-store btn-block btn-primary-2'][id*='store-search-modal-make-this-my-store']
在 code 中类似:(点击 将此设为我的商店)
make_this_my_store = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'h4.store-number+button[class*='btn btn-make-this-my-store btn-block btn-primary-2'][id*='store-search-modal-make-this-my-store']')))
make_this_my_store.click()
点击商店暂时关闭按钮:
store_temporarily_closed = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'button[class*='btn btn-store-temporarily-closed btn-block btn-primary-2'][id='btnStoreCloseForEcommerce']')))
store_temporarily_closed.click()
请注意,与 xpath.
相比,css 选择器 总是好的
有关 xpath 与 css 选择器的更多信息,请参见 here
希望此信息helpful.Thanks !
您在测试中使用等待吗? 您的 xpath 变体必须有效。
尝试显式等待:
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 5)
make_my_store = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//button[contains(text(),'Make This My Store')]")))
make_my_store.click()
除非它在 5 秒内找到 return 的元素,否则在抛出 TimeoutException 之前最多等待 5 秒。默认情况下,WebDriverWait 每 500 毫秒调用一次 ExpectedCondition,直到 return 成功。成功的 return 对于 ExpectedCondition 类型是 Boolean return true or not null return value for all other ExpectedCondition types.
尝试使用以下 xpath:
button = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//button[@id='store-search-modal-make-this-my-store-{{=storeId}}']")
button.click()
现在,如果这不起作用,驱动程序可能需要等待几秒钟才能查找元素。在这种情况下,我建议使用显式等待。可以在此处找到有关显式等待的更多信息 = http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/waits.html。
您可以按如下方式包括显式等待:
xpath = "//button[@id='store-search-modal-make-this-my-store-{{=storeId}}']"
button = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, xpath))).click()
这意味着驱动程序将等待长达 10 秒的时间让元素出现并可点击。如果驱动程序找不到该元素,它将抛出 TimeoutException。您可以使用 try/except 块来处理 TimeOutException。例如:
try:
xpath = "//button[@id='store-search-modal-make-this-my-store-{{=storeId}}']"
button = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, xpath))).click()
except TimeoutException:
print("Button not found!")
您需要导入以下内容:
import selenium.webdriver as webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
希望对您有所帮助!
根据 HTML 您已将元素与文本共享为 将此设为我的商店 是 Angular 元素,因此要在所需元素上调用 click()
,您必须引入 WebDriverWait 以使 元素可点击 并且您可以使用以下解决方案:
WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "button.btn.btn-make-this-my-store.btn-block.btn-primary-2[id^=store-search-modal-make-this-my-store-]"))).click()
注意:您必须添加以下导入:
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC