Oracle 12c 无法使用 sqlplus 连接到数据库
Oracle 12c cannot connect to database with sqlplus
我刚刚在我的本地计算机上安装了 Oracle 数据库 12c 以及 SQL 开发人员，当我尝试从命令提示符启动 sqlplus 时，我收到以下错误：
C:\WINDOWS\system32>sqlplus
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Aug 9 09:44:14 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Enter user-name: system
Enter password:
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
事实是，如果我 运行:
sqlplus system/<pass>@localhost:1521/orcl.carver-as.com as sysdba
然后我就可以连接成功了:s
好的，这是我的相关文件和输出，供您尝试帮助我。
Oracle Admin 安装路径：
c:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\
Oracle 客户端安装路径：
c:\oracle\client\dperezd\product.2.0\client_1\Network\Admin\
Sid: orcl
tnsping orcl
TNS Ping Utility for 64-bit Windows: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 09-AGO-2018 09:46:01
Copyright (c) 1997, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Archivos de parßmetros utilizados:
c:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\sqlnet.ora
Adaptador TNSNAMES utilizado para resolver el alias
Intentando contactar con (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl.carver-as.com)))
Realizado correctamente (0 mseg)
C:\WINDOWS\system32>lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for 64-bit Windows: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 09-AGO-2018 09:53:23
Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Conectßndose a (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=DPEREZD.carver-as.com)(PORT=1521)))
ESTADO del LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Versi¾n TNSLSNR for 64-bit Windows: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
Fecha de Inicio 09-AGO-2018 09:35:29
Tiempo Actividad 0 dÝas 0 hr. 17 min. 56 seg.
Nivel de Rastreo off
Seguridad ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Parßmetros del Listener C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
Log del Listener C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\diag\tnslsnr\DPEREZD\listener\alert\log.xml
Recibiendo Resumen de Puntos Finales...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=DPEREZD.carver-as.com)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=DPEREZD.carver-as.com)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=C:\ORACLE\DPEREZD\VIRTUAL\admin\orcl\xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))
Resumen de Servicios...
El servicio "CLRExtProc" tiene 1 instancia(s).
La instancia "CLRExtProc", con estado UNKNOWN, tiene 1 manejador(es) para este servicio...
El servicio "orcl.carver-as.com" tiene 1 instancia(s).
La instancia "orcl", con estado READY, tiene 1 manejador(es) para este servicio...
El servicio "orclXDB.carver-as.com" tiene 1 instancia(s).
La instancia "orcl", con estado READY, tiene 1 manejador(es) para este servicio...
El comando ha terminado correctamente
C:\WINDOWS\system32>lsnrctl service
LSNRCTL for 64-bit Windows: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 09-AGO-2018 09:53:53
Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Conectßndose a (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=DPEREZD.carver-as.com)(PORT=1521)))
Resumen de Servicios...
El servicio "CLRExtProc" tiene 1 instancia(s).
La instancia "CLRExtProc", con estado UNKNOWN, tiene 1 manejador(es) para este servicio...
Manejador(es):
"DEDICATED" establecido:0 rechazado:0
LOCAL SERVER
El servicio "orcl.carver-as.com" tiene 1 instancia(s).
La instancia "orcl", con estado READY, tiene 1 manejador(es) para este servicio...
Manejador(es):
"DEDICATED" establecido:2 rechazado:0 estado:ready
LOCAL SERVER
El servicio "orclXDB.carver-as.com" tiene 1 instancia(s).
La instancia "orcl", con estado READY, tiene 1 manejador(es) para este servicio...
Manejador(es):
"D000" establecidos:0 rechazados:0 actuales:0 mßximo:1022 estado:ready
DISPATCHER <machine: DPEREZD, pid: 12252>
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=DPEREZD.carver-as.com)(PORT=1825))
El comando ha terminado correctamente
c:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora文件:
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = CLRExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product.2.0\dbhome_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
(ENVS = "EXTPROC_DLLS=ONLY:C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product.2.0\dbhome_1\bin\oraclr12.dll")
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = DPEREZD.carver-as.com)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
c:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\tsnames.ora:
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER_ORCL =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
ORACLR_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = CLRExtProc)
(PRESENTATION = RO)
)
)
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl.carver-as.com)
)
)
c:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\sqlnet.ora:
# sqlnet.ora Network Configuration File: C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\sqlnet.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
# This file is actually generated by netca. But if customers choose to
# install "Software Only", this file wont exist and without the native
# authentication, they will not be able to connect to the database on NT.
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)
NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, EZCONNECT)
我读过设置 TNS_ADMIN 环境变量可能有帮助所以在 Windows 我做到了：
set TNS_ADMIN=c:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\
lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start
没有用，问题依旧。
好的，我希望这些信息足以让任何人帮助我。
这真的很奇怪，因为服务已启动，运行ning 和 ping 正常，带有全套参数的 sqlplus 可以连接，但无论我做什么，单独的 sqlplus 都不会。
谢谢。
大多数情况下，您在本地安装时得到 TNS:protocol adapter error，是由于没有正确设置 ORACLE_SID 变量。
例如，从我的本地安装：
我的实际变量:
CMD> set ora
ORACLE_HOME=C:\app\database_12\product.1.0\dbhome_1
ORACLE_SID=PRDDB
测试连接:
CMD> sqlplus
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Gio Ago 9 16:35:49 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Immettere il nome utente: /as sysdba
Connesso a:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SQL> exit
Disconnesso da Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
改变ORACLE_SID
CMD> set ORACLE_SID=TEST
CMD>set ora
ORACLE_HOME=C:\app\database_12\product.1.0\dbhome_1
ORACLE_SID=TEST
测试连接
CMD> sqlplus
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Gio Ago 9 16:36:17 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Immettere il nome utente: /as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS: errore dell'adattatore del protocollo
Immettere il nome utente:
您可以检查的另一件事是您的 PATH 变量，并确保您在客户家之前设置了 ORACLE_HOME。
希望对您有所帮助。
让我们这样做：
1. 打开 Oracle 网络配置助手
2. Select Local Net Service Name Configuration 单选按钮选项，然后单击 Next
3. Reconfigure中的Select单选按钮选项，然后点击下一步
4. Select 您要重新配置的网络服务名称，ORACLR_CONNECTION_DATA 或 ORCL，然后单击下一步
5.输入你的Service Name，如果你安装的oracle的服务名是ORCL，那么在字段里写ORCL，然后点击Next
6.select你要使用的协议，例如selectTCP，然后点击下一步
7. 输入你的oracle数据库引擎（服务）安装的主机名，比如安装在你的台式机或笔记本上，
然后填写为 localhost，并填写您的端口号（select 选项使用标准端口号 1521）或者如果使用其他端口，填写端口号
然后点击下一步。
8. select 是执行测试，
如有必要，更改用户登录
然后点击下一步
9.如果没有配置另一个网络服务名，select否然后点击下一步
10. 单击完成
如果你想使用来自 MS Visual Studio
的 .net 框架连接，你应该下载、提取和安装 ODTwithODAC183.zip 和 BuildTools_Full.exe
我刚刚在我的本地计算机上安装了 Oracle 数据库 12c 以及 SQL 开发人员，当我尝试从命令提示符启动 sqlplus 时，我收到以下错误：
C:\WINDOWS\system32>sqlplus
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Aug 9 09:44:14 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Enter user-name: system
Enter password:
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
事实是，如果我 运行:
sqlplus system/<pass>@localhost:1521/orcl.carver-as.com as sysdba
然后我就可以连接成功了:s
好的，这是我的相关文件和输出，供您尝试帮助我。
Oracle Admin 安装路径：
c:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\
Oracle 客户端安装路径：
c:\oracle\client\dperezd\product.2.0\client_1\Network\Admin\
Sid: orcl
tnsping orcl
TNS Ping Utility for 64-bit Windows: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 09-AGO-2018 09:46:01
Copyright (c) 1997, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Archivos de parßmetros utilizados:
c:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\sqlnet.ora
Adaptador TNSNAMES utilizado para resolver el alias
Intentando contactar con (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl.carver-as.com)))
Realizado correctamente (0 mseg)
C:\WINDOWS\system32>lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for 64-bit Windows: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 09-AGO-2018 09:53:23
Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Conectßndose a (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=DPEREZD.carver-as.com)(PORT=1521)))
ESTADO del LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Versi¾n TNSLSNR for 64-bit Windows: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
Fecha de Inicio 09-AGO-2018 09:35:29
Tiempo Actividad 0 dÝas 0 hr. 17 min. 56 seg.
Nivel de Rastreo off
Seguridad ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Parßmetros del Listener C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
Log del Listener C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\diag\tnslsnr\DPEREZD\listener\alert\log.xml
Recibiendo Resumen de Puntos Finales...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=DPEREZD.carver-as.com)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=DPEREZD.carver-as.com)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=C:\ORACLE\DPEREZD\VIRTUAL\admin\orcl\xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))
Resumen de Servicios...
El servicio "CLRExtProc" tiene 1 instancia(s).
La instancia "CLRExtProc", con estado UNKNOWN, tiene 1 manejador(es) para este servicio...
El servicio "orcl.carver-as.com" tiene 1 instancia(s).
La instancia "orcl", con estado READY, tiene 1 manejador(es) para este servicio...
El servicio "orclXDB.carver-as.com" tiene 1 instancia(s).
La instancia "orcl", con estado READY, tiene 1 manejador(es) para este servicio...
El comando ha terminado correctamente
C:\WINDOWS\system32>lsnrctl service
LSNRCTL for 64-bit Windows: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 09-AGO-2018 09:53:53
Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Conectßndose a (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=DPEREZD.carver-as.com)(PORT=1521)))
Resumen de Servicios...
El servicio "CLRExtProc" tiene 1 instancia(s).
La instancia "CLRExtProc", con estado UNKNOWN, tiene 1 manejador(es) para este servicio...
Manejador(es):
"DEDICATED" establecido:0 rechazado:0
LOCAL SERVER
El servicio "orcl.carver-as.com" tiene 1 instancia(s).
La instancia "orcl", con estado READY, tiene 1 manejador(es) para este servicio...
Manejador(es):
"DEDICATED" establecido:2 rechazado:0 estado:ready
LOCAL SERVER
El servicio "orclXDB.carver-as.com" tiene 1 instancia(s).
La instancia "orcl", con estado READY, tiene 1 manejador(es) para este servicio...
Manejador(es):
"D000" establecidos:0 rechazados:0 actuales:0 mßximo:1022 estado:ready
DISPATCHER <machine: DPEREZD, pid: 12252>
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=DPEREZD.carver-as.com)(PORT=1825))
El comando ha terminado correctamente
c:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora文件:
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = CLRExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product.2.0\dbhome_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
(ENVS = "EXTPROC_DLLS=ONLY:C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product.2.0\dbhome_1\bin\oraclr12.dll")
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = DPEREZD.carver-as.com)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
c:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\tsnames.ora:
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER_ORCL =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
ORACLR_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = CLRExtProc)
(PRESENTATION = RO)
)
)
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl.carver-as.com)
)
)
c:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\sqlnet.ora:
# sqlnet.ora Network Configuration File: C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\sqlnet.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
# This file is actually generated by netca. But if customers choose to
# install "Software Only", this file wont exist and without the native
# authentication, they will not be able to connect to the database on NT.
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)
NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, EZCONNECT)
我读过设置 TNS_ADMIN 环境变量可能有帮助所以在 Windows 我做到了：
set TNS_ADMIN=c:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\
lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start
没有用，问题依旧。
好的，我希望这些信息足以让任何人帮助我。
这真的很奇怪，因为服务已启动，运行ning 和 ping 正常，带有全套参数的 sqlplus 可以连接，但无论我做什么，单独的 sqlplus 都不会。
谢谢。
大多数情况下，您在本地安装时得到 TNS:protocol adapter error，是由于没有正确设置 ORACLE_SID 变量。
例如，从我的本地安装：
我的实际变量:
CMD> set ora
ORACLE_HOME=C:\app\database_12\product.1.0\dbhome_1
ORACLE_SID=PRDDB
测试连接:
CMD> sqlplus
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Gio Ago 9 16:35:49 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Immettere il nome utente: /as sysdba
Connesso a:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SQL> exit
Disconnesso da Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
改变ORACLE_SID
CMD> set ORACLE_SID=TEST
CMD>set ora
ORACLE_HOME=C:\app\database_12\product.1.0\dbhome_1
ORACLE_SID=TEST
测试连接
CMD> sqlplus
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Gio Ago 9 16:36:17 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Immettere il nome utente: /as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS: errore dell'adattatore del protocollo
Immettere il nome utente:
您可以检查的另一件事是您的 PATH 变量，并确保您在客户家之前设置了 ORACLE_HOME。
希望对您有所帮助。
让我们这样做：
1. 打开 Oracle 网络配置助手
2. Select Local Net Service Name Configuration 单选按钮选项，然后单击 Next
3. Reconfigure中的Select单选按钮选项，然后点击下一步
4. Select 您要重新配置的网络服务名称，ORACLR_CONNECTION_DATA 或 ORCL，然后单击下一步
5.输入你的Service Name，如果你安装的oracle的服务名是ORCL，那么在字段里写ORCL，然后点击Next
6.select你要使用的协议，例如selectTCP，然后点击下一步
7. 输入你的oracle数据库引擎（服务）安装的主机名，比如安装在你的台式机或笔记本上，
然后填写为 localhost，并填写您的端口号（select 选项使用标准端口号 1521）或者如果使用其他端口，填写端口号
然后点击下一步。
8. select 是执行测试，
如有必要，更改用户登录
然后点击下一步
9.如果没有配置另一个网络服务名，select否然后点击下一步
10. 单击完成
如果你想使用来自 MS Visual Studio