Django Rest Framework：如何将数据传递给嵌套的序列化程序并仅在自定义验证后创建对象

Question

我有两个模型：

class Book(AppModel):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=255)

class Link(AppModel):
    link = models.CharField(max_length=255)

class Page(AppModel):
    book= models.ForeignKey("Book", related_name="pages", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    link = models.ForeignKey("Link", related_name="pages", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    page_no = models.IntegerField()
    text = models.TextField()

和serializers

class LinkSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
       model = Link
       fields = ['link']

class PageSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Page
        fields = ('link','text','page_no')

    def validate_text(self, value):
        #some validation is done here.

    def validate_link(self, value):
        #some validation is done here.

class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    pages = PageSerializer(many=True)
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = ('title','pages')

    @transaction.atomic
    def create(self, validated_data):
        pages_data= validated_data.pop('pages')
        book = self.Meta.model.objects.create(**validated_data)
        for page_data in pages_data:
            Page.objects.create(book=book, **page_data)
        return book

PageSerializer中有一个validate_text方法。 create 方法永远不会调用 PageSerializer 并且 page_data 永远不会被验证。

所以我尝试了另一种方法：

@transaction.atomic
def create(self, validated_data):
    pages_data = validated_data.pop('pages')
    book = self.Meta.model.objects.create(**validated_data)
    for page_data in pages_data:
        page = Page(book=book)
        page_serializer = PageSerializer(page, data = page_data)
        if page_serializer.is_valid():
            page_serializer.save()
        else:
            raise serializers.ValidationError(page_serializer.errors)
    return book

发布数据：

{
    "title": "Book Title",
    "pages": [
        {
            "link": 1, "page_no": 52, "text": "sometext"
        }
    ]
}

但是上面的方法会抛出错误：

{
    "link": [
        "Incorrect type. Expected pk value, received Link."
    ]
}

我还发现了导致此错误的原因：虽然我发布的数据具有 Link 的 pk 值 1，但传递给 PageSerializer 时的数据来自 BookSerializer 显示为：{"link": "/go_to_link/", "page_no":52, "text": "sometext"}

为什么 Link 的实例传递给 PageSerializer 而我发送的是 Link 的 pk？

Answer 1

当您调用 serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True/False) 时，它会自动调用嵌套序列化程序的验证函数。当您调用 serializer.save(**kwargs) 时，序列化程序将经过验证的数据传递到序列化程序的 create(self, validated_data) 或 update(self, instance, validated_data) 函数中。此外，在经过验证的数据中，您的 ForeignKey 字段返回了一个对象。

def create(self, validated_data):
    pages_data = validated_data.pop('pages') # [{'link': Linkobject, ...}]
    book= self.Meta.model.objects.create(**validated_data)
    for page_data in pages_data:
        page = Page(book=book)
        page_serializer = PageSerializer(page, data = page_data) # here you are sending object to validation again
        if page_serializer.is_valid():
            page_serializer.save()
        else:
            raise serializers.ValidationError(page_serializer.errors)
    return book

Answer 2

使用嵌套序列化程序验证嵌套对象：

@transaction.atomic
def create(self, validated_data):
    pages_data = validated_data.pop('pages') #pages data of a book
    book= self.Meta.model.objects.create(**validated_data)
    for page_data in pages_data:
        page = Page(book=book)
        page_serializer = PageSerializer(page, data = page_data)
        if page_serializer.is_valid(): #PageSerializer does the validation
            page_serializer.save()
        else:
            raise serializers.ValidationError(page_serializer.errors) #throws errors if any
    return book

假设您将数据发送为：

{
    "title": "Book Title",
    "pages": [{
        "link":2,#<= this one here
        "page_no":52, 
        "text":"sometext"}]
}

在上面的数据中，我们发送了 Link 对象的 id。但是在上面定义的BookSerializer的create方法中，我们发送的数据变为：

{
    "title": "Book Title",
    "pages": [{
        "link":Link Object (2),#<= changed to the Link object with id 2
        "page_no":52, 
        "text":"sometext"}]
}

而 PageSerializer 实际上是为了接收 link 的 pk 值，即 "link": 2 而不是 "link":Link Object (2)。因此它抛出错误：

{ "link": [ "Incorrect type. Expected pk value, received Link." ] }

因此解决方法是重写嵌套序列化程序的 to_internal_value 方法，将接收到的 Link Object (2) 对象转换为其 pk 值。

所以你的 PageSerializer class 应该是：

class PageSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Page
        fields = ('link','text','page_no')

    def to_internal_value(self, data): 
        link_data = data.get("link")
        if isinstance(link_data, Link): #if object is received
            data["link"] = link_data.pk # change to its pk value
        obj = super(PageSerializer, self).to_internal_value(data)
        return obj

    def validate_text(self, value):
        #some validation is done here.

    def validate_link(self, value):
        #some validation is done here.

和父序列化器：

class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    pages = PageSerializer(many=True)
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = ('title','pages')

    @transaction.atomic
    def create(self, validated_data):
        pages_data = validated_data.pop('pages')#pages data of a book
        book= self.Meta.model.objects.create(**validated_data)
        for page_data in pages_data:
            page = Page(book=book)
            page_serializer = PageSerializer(page, data = page_data)
            if page_serializer.is_valid(): #PageSerializer does the validation
                page_serializer.save()
            else:
                raise serializers.ValidationError(page_serializer.errors) #throws errors if any
        return book

这应该允许嵌套序列化程序执行验证，而不是在父序列化程序的创建方法中编写验证并违反 DRY。

Django Rest Framework：如何将数据传递给嵌套的序列化程序并仅在自定义验证后创建对象

Django Rest Framework: How to pass data to a nested Serializer and create an object only after custom validation

django

django-models

django-views

django-serializer

django-rest-framework