打印对象图,其中有另一个对象作为键

Printing a map of object, which has another object as Key

我正在尝试打印我的 map <Object, int> 的内容。这是有问题的代码:

void Inventory::print_initial_inventory()
{
    for(auto p : inventory) {
        std::cout << p.first << " : " << p.second << std::endl;
    }
}

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& outstream, Inventory& inv) 
{
    outstream << inv.first << "\nNumber of parts: " << inv.second << std::endl;
    return outstream;
}

我知道问题出在 p.first?因为 std::cout 不知道 如何打印对象 ,所以我试图重载 operator<< ,但我不确定该怎么做。谁能指出我正确的方向?

EDIT 这是我再次尝试这个问题的方法。有人建议我将 key 类型传递给 operator<< 重载。这是我的代码:

void Inventory::print_initial_inventory()
{
    for(auto x : inventory) {
        std::cout << x.first << " : " << x.second << std::endl;
    }
}

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& outstream, Auto_Part& inv)
{
    outstream << "Type: " << inv.type << "\nName: " << inv.name << "\nPart Number: " << inv.part_number << "\nPrice: $" << inv.price << std::endl;
    return outstream;
}

我仍然收到指向 x.first.

无效二进制表达式错误

std::coutstd::ostream 对象。对于某些基本类型 (you can check them out here),std::ostream 按标准重载了 operator<<。如果您希望能够将 operator<< 与 class 一起使用(比方说 class MyType),您必须自己重载该运算符。

对于像 std::ostream 这样的内置 C++ 类型,您可以在 class 之外执行此类重载(因为否则您必须修改 std::ostream),其语法是:

std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& s, const MyType& arg)
{
    /* enter you implementation here */
    return s;
}

可以找到更多信息 here

I know the problem is at p.first? because std::cout doesn't know how to print an object, so I tried to overload the << operator, but I'm not sure how to do it.

运算符重载的基础知识可以在这个post中找到:运算符重载的基本规则和习语是什么? 我强烈建议您在进一步阅读之前先阅读这篇文章

在你的案例中,我发现了两个基本问题:

  1. 你没有多次提到你的 Key class。特别是,如果您不提供 operator<,您将如何将元素插入 std::mapInventory class 的成员)?由于 Key class 是用户定义的,因此您需要提供一个。您可以在这个 SO post:std::maps with user-defined types as key 中阅读更多相关信息
  2. 您的代码的第二个也是主要问题是,没有为您的 Key 类型提供 operator<<。可以按如下方式完成:

例如,假设 class Key

class Key
{
    int member;
public:
    Key(const int a): member(a){}
    // provide operator< for your Key type
    bool operator<(const Key& other)const { return this->member < other.member; }
   // provide operator<< for Key class like follows
    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Key& key);
};
// implement outside the class
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Key& key)
{
    // simply for this case
    return out << key.member;
}

现在您可以以类似的方式为 Inventory class 提供 operator<<

SEE LIVE EXAMPLE

// now in Inventory class
class Inventory
{
   std::map<Key, int> inventory;
public:
    Inventory(const std::map<Key, int>& m): inventory(std::move(m)) {}
    // declared as friend, so that you can access the private member(map)
    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Inventory& inv);
};
// implement outside the class
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Inventory& inv)
{
    for(const auto& entry: inv.inventory )
        out << entry.first << " Number of parts: " << entry.second << std::endl;
    return out;
}
// in the main
int main()
{
    Key key1{1};
    Key key2{2};
    std::map<Key, int> tempInvObj{{key1, 11}, {key2, 12}};
    Inventory obj{tempInvObj};
    std::cout << obj;
    return 0;
}

输出:

1 Number of parts: 11
2 Number of parts: 12