在 mainloop() 中更新 Tkinter canvas

Question

我正在尝试在 Tkinter 中创建一个简单的冒泡排序可视化，但我不知道如何更新 canvas/refresh。

from tkinter import *
import random
height, width = 350,600
randomLines = []
master = Tk()
w = Canvas(master,width=width,height=height)
w.pack()

def drawRandomLines():
    w.delete("all")
    for i in range(width):
        w.create_line(i,0,i,randomLines[i])

def bubbleSort():
    for passnum in range(len(randomLines)-1,0,-1):
        for i in range(passnum):
            if randomLines[i]>randomLines[i+1]:
                temp = randomLines[i]
                randomLines[i] = randomLines[i+1]
                randomLines[i+1] = temp

for i in range(width):
    rnd = random.randint(0,width)
    randomLines.append(rnd)
drawRandomLines()
bubbleSort()
mainloop()

如果我在 bubbleSort() 循环中使用 drawRandomLines() 它将保存 window 并且不会显示 canvas 直到它被排序

Answer 1

您将要使用 after() 来管理不会影响主循环的更新循环。通过使用 after() 我们可以随着时间的推移创建视觉更新。我们需要一个跟踪变量来管理循环中的索引和跟踪器的全局语句。

示例：

from tkinter import *
import random
height, width = 350, 600
randomLines = []
master = Tk()
tracker = 0
w = Canvas(master, width=width, height=height)
w.pack()

def drawRandomLines():
    global tracker
    if tracker <= width:
        w.create_line(tracker, 0, tracker, randomLines[tracker])
        tracker += 1
        master.after(10, drawRandomLines)

def bubbleSort():
    for passnum in range(len(randomLines)-1, 0, -1):
        for i in range(passnum):
            if randomLines[i] > randomLines[i+1]:
                temp = randomLines[i]
                randomLines[i] = randomLines[i+1]
                randomLines[i+1] = temp

for i in range(width):
    rnd = random.randint(0, width)
    randomLines.append(rnd)
drawRandomLines()
bubbleSort()
mainloop()

Answer 2

Tkinter 不会更新 window 直到重要事情队列完成。因此，如果您希望每次迭代都更新，则必须强制执行它。试试这个：

def drawRandomLines():
    w.delete("all")
    for i in range(width):
        w.create_line(i,0,i,randomLines[i])
    w.update()   # Force canvas update

Answer 3

您可以使用after()替换bubbleSort()中的外部for循环并在bubbleSort()中调用drawRandomLines():

from tkinter import *
import random

height, width = 350, 600
thickness = 5

# create the random lines
randomLines = [random.randint(1, height-1) for i in range(0, width, thickness)]

master = Tk()
w = Canvas(master, width=width, height=height)
w.pack()

def drawRandomLines():
    w.delete("all")
    for i in range(len(randomLines)):
        x = i * thickness
        # use bars for more clearly presentation
        w.create_rectangle(x, height, x+thickness, height-randomLines[i], fill='red')

def bubbleSort(passnum):
    for i in range(passnum):
        if randomLines[i] > randomLines[i+1]:
            randomLines[i], randomLines[i+1] = randomLines[i+1], randomLines[i]
    drawRandomLines()
    if passnum > 0:
        master.after(20, bubbleSort, passnum-1)
    else:
        w.create_text(50, 50, text='Done!', font=('Arial', 24))

drawRandomLines() # show initial order of lines
bubbleSort(len(randomLines)-1)

master.mainloop()

在 mainloop() 中更新 Tkinter canvas

Update Tkinter canvas in mainloop()

tkinter

python-3.x

tkinter-canvas